Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Vaccines and immunization:

…Anthrax vaccine was prepared with recombinant protective antigen (rPA; List Biologicals, Campbell, CA) to deliver 1 g antigen, 1 g poly I:C, and/ or 1 g Pam3CSK4 per 50 L dose.

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Antibody assessment:

Recombinant proteins (rPA and rLF) were …or purchased from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA). Antibody titers against PA were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Plates were coated with rPA at 2.0ng/L in a volume of 50L/well and incubated overnight at 4C. Plates were then washed three times with 1wash solution (KPL, Gaithersburg, MD), and blocked with 1% bovine serum albumin (KPL) containing 1% non-fat dry milk for 1h at 37C. …

The lethal toxin-neutralizing assay (TNA) titer was determined as described³⁴ except J774A.1 murine macrophage cells were used. Briefly, the serially diluted sera were pre-incubated with toxin mixture (PA and LF at 5:4 ratio) at 37C for 30min before adding to J774A.1 cells in 96-well plates. …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

…ELISAs were performed as described [23]. Briefly, 96-well plates were coated with 1 g/well of recombinant PA, LF (List Biologicals, Campbell, CA),…

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence)

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Macrophage culture:

…BMDMs were primed for 4h with 600ngml¹ E. coli 0111:B4 LPS… and then transfected with poly(dA:dT)…, lethal toxin (500ngml¹, #172D and #171D mixed at a 50/50 ratio, List Labs) or flagellin…

• Product #172 – Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis
• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Proteins:

…Protective antigen (PA) from Bacillus anthracis (List Biological Labs, Campbell, CA, USA) was used in the assay at a final concentration of 3 g/ml. …

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Preparation of the MDS formulations:

RPA of anthrax (from List Biological) Loading: 0.8-1%

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Introduction:

…This study examined the role and mechanism of HDAC8 in adaptive responses of the human monocytic THP-1 cells to LeTx-induced cell cycle arrest. We found that HDAC8 played a pivotal role in activating the PI3K-AKT signaling axis in LeTx-exposed cells through inducing histone H3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) and subsequent inhibition of PTEN expression.

Reagents:

PA and LF were purchased from the List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA, USA).

Lethal Toxin consists of Lethal Factor & Protective Antigen:

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence)

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

RESULTS – Peptides based on sequences from amino acids 1753 to 1851 of TcdB2 inhibit cytotoxicity:

…In contrast to the inhibition of TcdB1 and TcdB2, PepB2 did not block cytotoxicity of C. difficile TcdA or Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin.

Toxins and peptides:

Bacillus anthracis lethal factor, edema factor, and protective antigen were purchased from List Biological Laboratories. …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis
• Product #178 – Anthrax Edema Factor (EF), Recombinant from B. anthracis

…lethal factor and protective antigen were obtained from List Biological Laboratories, and…

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence)

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae