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Toxoids
#151 (0.5 mg)
$820.00
#191A (25 ug), #191B (100 ug),
$380.00 – $1,095.00
List Labs provides, for purchase, formaldehyde inactivated native toxins such as botulinum toxoid, tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, Staphylococcal enterotoxin B toxoid and toxoid made from C. difficile toxin A and toxin B. These toxoids are appropriate for use as antigens in development of antibodies. With all toxoids, care must be taken to determine the appropriate dosage for the desired response.
In addition to chemically inactivated toxins, List Labs produces genetically inactivated toxins such as mutant diphtheria toxin, CRM197, and mutant pertussis toxin which may be used like toxoids and are described on the linked Vaccine Carrier Proteins page.
Our Citations include information referencing the use of toxoids in research.
Our Support Portal provides technical information on our toxoid products.
Visit our blog to learn more about what we do.
Tetanus and Diphtheria Seroprotection among Children Younger Than 15 Years in Nigeria, 2018: Who Are the Unprotected Children?
Vaccines
Tohme, RA;Scobie, HM;Okunromade, O;Olaleye, T;Shuaib, F;Jegede, T;Yahaya, R;Nnaemeka, N;Lawal, B;Egwuenu, A;Parameswaran, N;Cooley, G;An, Q;Coughlin, M;Okposen, BB;Adetifa, I;Bolu, O;Ihekweazu, C;
Product: Diphtheria Toxoid, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Serological surveys provide an objective biological measure of population immunity, and tetanus sero....
Development of a bead-based multiplex immunoassay for simultaneous quantitative detection of IgG serum antibodies against seven vaccine-preventable diseases
Journal Of Immunological Methods
Bykonia, EN;Kleymenov, DA;Mazunina, EP;Popova, LI;Manuylov, VA;Gushchin, VA;Tkachuk, AP;Gintsburg, AL;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Serosurveillance and seroprevalence studies should be carried out to monitor vaccine-preventable dis....
B cell responses in chronic Chagas disease: Waning of Trypanosoma cruzi-specific antibody-secreting cells following successful etiological treatment
The Journal Of Infectious Diseases
Cesar, G;Natale, MA;Albareda, MC;Alvarez, MG;Lococo, B;De Rissio, AM;Fernandez, M;Castro Eiro, M;Bertocchi, G;White, BE;Zabaleta, F;Viotti, R;Tarleton, RL;Laucella, SA;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
A drawback in the treatment of chronic Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is the long time re....
Preclinical and clinical experience with dupilumab on the correlates of live attenuated vaccines
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global
Wechsler, M;Souza-Machado, A;Xu, C;Mao, X;Kapoor, U;Khokhar, F;OÂMalley, J;Petro, C;Casullo, V;Mannent, L;Rowe, P;Jacob-Nara, J;Ruddy, M;Laws, E;Purcell, L;Hardin, M;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Background The safety and tolerability of live attenuated vaccines in patients administered dupiluma....
Engineered extracellular vesicles for concurrent Anti-PDL1 immunotherapy and chemotherapy
Bioactive Materials
Chen, Y;Wang, L;Zheng, M;Zhu, C;Wang, G;Xia, Y;Blumenthal, E;Mao, W;Wan, Y;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting PD-1/PD-L1 have been approved for the treatment of a va....
Effect of Preexisting Immunity to Tetanus Toxoid on the Efficacy of Tetanus Toxoid-Conjugated Heroin Vaccine in Mice
Vaccines
Komla, E;Torres, OB;Jalah, R;Sulima, A;Beck, Z;Alving, CR;Jacobson, AE;Rice, KC;Matyas, GR;
Product: Diphtheria Toxoid, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a serious health problem that has dramatically increased over the last ....
Immunisation with the BCG and DTPw vaccines induces different programs of trained immunity in mice
Vaccine
Stevens, NE;van Wolfswinkel, M;Bao, W;Ryan, FJ;Brook, B;Amenyogbe, N;Marshall, HS;Lynn, MA;Kollmann, TR;Tumes, DJ;Lynn, DJ;
Product: Diphtheria Toxoid, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae
In addition to providing pathogen-specific immunity, vaccines can also confer nonspecific effects (N....
Systems view of Bordetella pertussis booster vaccination in adults primed with whole-cell vs. acellular vaccine
JCI Insight
da Silva Antunes, R;Soldevila, F;Pomaznoy, M;Babor, M;Bennett, J;Tian, Y;Khalil, NN;Qian, Y;Mandava, A;Scheuermann, RH;Cortese, M;Pulendran, B;Petro, CD;Gilkes, AP;Purcell, LA;Sette, A;Peters, B;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
The increased incidence of whooping cough worldwide suggests that current vaccination against Bordet....
Validation of a diphtheria toxoid multiplex bead assay for serosurveys
Diagnostic Microbiology And Infectious Disease
Scobie, H;Khetsuriani, N;Efstratiou, A;Priest, J;
Product: Diphtheria Toxoid, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae
We validated a multiplex bead assay for diphtheria toxoid IgG antibodies against the Vero cell toxin....
Safety, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy of durvalumab in combination with folate receptor alpha vaccine TPIV200 in patients with advanced ovarian cancer: a phase II trial
Journal For Immunotherapy Of Cancer
Zamarin, D;Walderich, S;Holland, A;Zhou, Q;Iasonos, AE;Torrisi, JM;Merghoub, T;Chesebrough, LF;Mcdonnell, AS;Gallagher, JM;Li, Y;Hollmann, TJ;Grisham, RN;Erskine, CL;Block, MS;Knutson, KL;O'Cearbhaill, RE;Aghajanian, C;Konner, JA;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to date have demonstrated limited activity in advance....
Seroprevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and immunity to measles, rubella, tetanus and diphtheria among schoolchildren aged 6-7years old in the Solomon Islands, 2016
Vaccine
Breakwell, L;Anga, J;Cooley, G;Ropiti, L;Gwyn, S;Wannemuehler, K;Woodring, J;Ogaoga, D;Martin, D;Patel, M;Tohme, RA;
Product: Diphtheria Toxoid, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae
The Western Pacific Region (WPR) established a goal to decrease chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infe....
Integrated Cross-Sectional Multiplex Serosurveillance of IgG Antibody Responses to Parasitic Diseases and Vaccines in Coastal Kenya
The American Journal Of Tropical Medicine And Hygiene
Njenga, SM;Kanyi, HM;Arnold, BF;Matendechero, SH;Onsongo, JK;Won, KY;Priest, JW;
Product: Diphtheria Toxoid, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Accurate and cost-effective identification of areas where co-endemic infections occur would enable p....
Rapid generation of sustainable HER2-specific T cell immunity in HER2 breast cancer patients using a degenerate HLA class II epitope vaccine
Clinical Cancer Research : An Official Journal Of The American Association For Cancer Research
Knutson, KL;Block, MS;Norton, N;Erskine, CL;Hobday, TJ;Dietz, AB;Padley, D;Gustafson, MP;Puglisi-Knutson, D;Mangskau, TK;Chumsri, S;Dueck, AC;Karyampudi, L;Wilson, G;Degnim, AC;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
HER2+ breast cancer patients benefit from trastuzumab-containing regimens with improved survival. Ad....
PD-1+ melanocortin receptor dependent-Treg cells prevent autoimmune disease
Scientific Reports
Muhammad, F;Wang, D;Montieth, A;Lee, S;Preble, J;Foster, CS;Larson, TA;Ding, K;Dvorak, JD;Lee, DJ;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) is a mouse model of human autoimmune uveitis marked by o....
A kinetic ELISA to determine the immunoreactive fraction of monoclonal antibodies
Journal Of Immunological Methods
Moreno, I;Domnguez, M;Torao, A;
Product: Diphtheria Toxoid, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae
We developed a two-step ELISA to determine the immunoreactive fraction of monoclonal antibodies in c....
Multiplex serologic testing within a cross-sectional lymphatic filariasis sentinel site survey in coastal Kenya reveals community-level differences in IgG antibody responses to parasitic diseases and vaccines
Biorxiv
Njenga, SM;Kanyi, HM;Arnold, BF;Matendechero, HS;
Product: Diphtheria Toxoid, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Accurate, cost-effective measurement of the burden of co-endemic infections would enable public heal....
Differences in the Epstein-Barr virus gp350 IgA antibody response are associated with increased risk for co-infection with a second strain of EBV
The Journal Of Infectious Diseases
Smith, NA;Baresel, PC;Jackson, CL;Ogolla, S;Toko, EN;Heit, S;Piriou, E;Sumba, OP;Middeldorp, JM;Colborn, KL;Rochford, R;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
The EBV viral glycoprotein gp350 has been proposed as a candidate antigen for an EBV vaccine. Howeve....
Dupilumab does not affect correlates of vaccine-induced immunity: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis
Journal Of The American Academy Of Dermatology
Blauvelt, A;Simpson, EL;Tyring, SK;Purcell, LA;Shumel, B;Petro, CD;Akinlade, B;Gadkari, A;Eckert, L;Graham, NMH;Pirozzi, G;Evans, R;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
The impact of dupilumab, an anti-interleukin (IL)-4R antibody that inhibits IL-4/IL-13 signaling, on....
Immunreaktivitten gegen im zentralen Nervensystem natrlich prsentierte Peptide bei Patienten mit multipler Sklerose
Thesis
Riedhammer, C;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
In autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, immense research efforts have been made to identify ....
Early-Life Antibiotic-Driven Dysbiosis Leads to Dysregulated Vaccine Immune Responses in Mice
Cell Host & Microbe
Lynn, MA;Tumes, DJ;Choo, JM;Sribnaia, A;Blake, SJ;Leong, LEX;Young, GP;Marshall, HS;Wesselingh, SL;Rogers, GB;Lynn, DJ;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Antibody-mediated responses play a critical role in vaccine-mediated immunity. However, for reasons ....
Discovery and preclinical characterization of the antagonist anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody LY3300054
Journal For Immunotherapy Of Cancer
Li, Y;Carpenito, C;Wang, G;Surguladze, D;Forest, A;Malabunga, M;Murphy, M;Zhang, Y;Sonyi, A;Chin, D;Burtrum, D;Inigo, I;Pennello, A;Shen, L;Malherbe, L;Chen, X;Hall, G;Haidar, JN;Ludwig, DL;Novosiadly, RD;Kalos, M;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Modulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis through antagonist antibodies that block either receptor or ligand....
Folate Receptor Alpha Peptide Vaccine generates immunity in Breast and Ovarian Cancer Patients
Clinical Cancer Research : An Official Journal Of The American Association For Cancer Research
Kalli, KR;Block, MS;Kasi, PM;Erskine, CL;Hobday, TJ;Dietz, A;Padley, D;Gustafson, MP;Shreeder, B;Puglisi-Knutson, D;Visscher, DW;Mangskau, TK;Wilson, G;Knutson, KL;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Folate receptor alpha (FR) is overexpressed in several cancers. Endogenous immunity to the FR has be....
Preclinical evaluation of the efficacy, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of JS-001, a programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica
Fu, J;Wang, F;Dong, LH;Zhang, J;Deng, CL;Wang, XL;Xie, XY;Zhang, J;Deng, RX;Zhang, LB;Wu, H;Feng, H;Chen, B;Song, HF;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
JS-001 is the first monoclonal antibody (mAb) against programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) approve....
Evaluation of inflammatory and immune responses in long-term cultured human precision-cut lung slices
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Temann, A;Golovina, T;Neuhaus, V;Thompson, C;Chichester, JA;Braun, A;Yusibov, V;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
The development of systems that are more accurate and time-efficient in predicting safety and effica....
Definition of Human Epitopes Recognized in Tetanus Toxoid and Development of an Assay Strategy to Detect Ex Vivo Tetanus CD4+ T Cell Responses
Plos One
da Silva Antunes, R;Paul, S;Sidney, J;Weiskopf, D;Dan, JM;Phillips, E;Mallal, S;Crotty, S;Sette, A;Lindestam Arlehamn, CS;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Despite widespread uses of tetanus toxoid (TT) as a vaccine, model antigen and protein carrier, TT e....
Immunization against an IL-6 peptide induces anti-IL-6 antibodies and modulates the Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity reaction in cynomolgus monkeys
Scientific Reports
Desallais, L;Bouchez, C;Mouhsine, H;Moreau, G;Ratsimandresy, R;Montes, M;Do, H;Quintin-Colonna, F;Zagury, JF;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) overproduction has been involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflamm....
Lower anti-echovirus antibody responses in children presenting to hospital with asthma exacerbations
Clinical And Experimental Allergy
Iwasaki, J;Chai, LY;Khoo, SK;Bizzintino, J;Laing, IA;Le Souf, PN;Thomas, WR;Hales, BJ;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Rhinoviruses from the Enterovirus genus cause frequent infections and induce remarkably high titres ....
Generation and characterization of antibodies against Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) IgG, IgM, and IgA
PLoS ONE
Humphreys, AF;Tan, J;Peng, R;Benton, SM;Qin, X;Worley, KC;Mikulski, RL;Chow, DC;Palzkill, TG;Ling, PD;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) immunity is poorly characterized and understood. This gap in knowle....
Relationship between malaria incidence and IgG titres against Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens in children of Kniroba: impact of hemoglobin S and C
Thesis
SISSOKO, MN;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
CD160 isoforms and regulation of CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses
Journal Of Translational Medicine
El-Far, M;Pellerin, C;Pilote, L;Fortin, JF;Lessard, IA;Peretz, Y;Wardrop, E;Salois, P;Bethell, RC;Cordingley, MG;Kukolj, G;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Coexpression of CD160 and PD-1 on HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells defines a highly exhausted T-cell subset....
Suppression of rheumatoid arthritis B cells by XmAb5871, an anti-CD19 antibody that coengages B cell antigen receptor complex and Fc receptor IIb inhibitory receptor
Arthritis & Rheumatology
Chu, SY;Yeter, K;Kotha, R;Pong, E;Miranda, Y;Phung, S;Chen, H;Lee, SH;Leung, I;Bonzon, C;Desjarlais, JR;Stohl, W;Szymkowski, DE;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Engagement of Fc receptor IIb (FcRIIb) suppresses B cell activation and represents a promising targe....
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Molecular signatures of antibody responses derived from a systems biology study of five human vaccines
Nature Immunology
Li, S;Rouphael, N;Duraisingham, S;Romero-Steiner, S;Presnell, S;Davis, C;Schmidt, DS;Johnson, SE;Milton, A;Rajam, G;Kasturi, S;Carlone, GM;Quinn, C;Chaussabel, D;Palucka, AK;Mulligan, MJ;Ahmed, R;Stephens, DS;Nakaya, HI;Pulendran, B;
Product: Diphtheria Toxoid, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Many vaccines induce protective immunity via antibodies. Systems biology approaches have been used t....
High-avidity IgG Autoantibodies against DFS70/LEDGF in Atopic Dermatitis
Journal Of Clinical & Cellular Immunology
Watanabe, K;Muro, Y;Sugiura, K;Akiyama, M;
Product: Diphtheria Toxoid, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Dense fine speckles 70 kDa protein (DFS70)/lens epitheliumderived growth factor (LEDGF) is a nuclear....
An in vivo human-plasmablast enrichment technique allows rapid identification of therapeutic influenza A antibodies
Cell Host & Microbe
Nakamura, G;Chai, N;Park, S;Chiang, N;Lin, Z;Chiu, H;Fong, R;Yan, D;Kim, J;Zhang, J;Lee, WP;Estevez, A;Coons, M;Xu, M;Lupardus, P;Balazs, M;Swem, LR;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Recent advances enabling the cloning of human immunoglobulin G genes have proven effective for ....
Prenatal passive transfer of maternal immunity in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)
Veterinary Immunology And Immunopathology
Nofs, SA;Atmar, RL;Keitel, WA;Hanlon, C;Stanton, JJ;Tan, J;Flanagan, JP;Howard, L;Ling, PD;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants exhibit characteristics of endoth....
Relationship between malaria incidence and IgG levels to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens in Malian children: impact of hemoglobins S and C
PLoS ONE
Miura, K;Diakite, M;Diouf, A;Doumbia, S;Konate, D;Keita, AS;Moretz, SE;Tullo, G;Zhou, H;Lopera-Mesa, TM;Anderson, JM;Fairhurst, RM;Long, CA;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Heterozygous hemoglobin (Hb) AS (sickle-cell trait) and HbAC are hypothesized to protect against Pla....
Short communication: HIV type 1 accumulates in influenza-specific T cells in subjects receiving seasonal vaccination in the context of effective antiretroviral therapy
Aids Research And Human Retroviruses
Jones, RB;Kovacs, C;Chun, TW;Ostrowski, MA;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Whether or not HIV-1 continues to infect cells in individuals treated with effective antiretroviral ....
Aquaporin 4-specific T cells in neuromyelitis optica exhibit a Th17 bias and recognize Clostridium ABC transporter
Annals Of Neurology
Varrin-Doyer, M;Spencer, CM;Schulze-Topphoff, U;Nelson, PA;Stroud, RM;Cree, BA;Zamvil, SS;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4)-specific autoantibodies in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are immunoglobulin (Ig)G1, ....
Vigorous response of human innate functioning IgM memory B cells upon infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Journal Of Immunology
So, NS;Ostrowski, MA;Gray-Owen, SD;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the cause of the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea, elicits low levels....
Restricted replication of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus in pigtailed macaques
Journal Of Virology
Del Prete, GQ;Kearney, MF;Spindler, J;Wiegand, A;Chertova, E;Roser, JD;Estes, JD;Hao, XP;Trubey, CM;Lara, A;Lee, K;Chaipan, C;Bess, JW;Nagashima, K;Keele, BF;Macallister, R;Smedley, J;Pathak, VK;Kewalramani, VN;Coffin, JM;Lifson, JD;
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
Although xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) has been previously linked to prostat....
Correction of Murine Hemophilia a by Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy
Molecular Therapy
Moayeri M, Hawley TS, Hawley RG
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
A serious complication of current protein replacement therapy for hemophilia A patients with coagula....
Immune reconstitution following autologous transfers of CD3/CD28 stimulated CD4+ T cells to HIV-infected persons
Clinical Immunology
Bernstein WB, Cox JH, Aronson NE, Tracy L, Schlienger K, Ratto-Kim S, Garner R, Cotte J, Zheng Z, Winestone L, Liebig C, Galley LM, Connors M, Birx DL, Carroll RG, Levine BL
Product: Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani
We have previously shown that adoptive transfer of in vitro CD3/CD28 activated autologous CD4(+) T c....
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