Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Food allergy and anaphylaxis model

To study the impact of microbes on PN metabolism and anaphylaxis, C3H-HeN mice with different microbiota were sensitized to PN using distinct techniques. 1. Intra-gastric sensitization: mice were provided 3.25 mg of crude PN extract (CPE; Greer Laboratories Inc) and 0.625 µg of cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratories) in 0.1 mL of PBS by oral gavage once a week for 6 weeks; 2. Intra-peritoneal sensitization: mice were provided 3.25 mg of CPE and 6.25 µg of cholera toxin in 0.1 mL of PBS intra-peritoneally once a week for 4 weeks; …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

EAE induction

Various groups of mice at 8–12 weeks were subcutaneously injected (s.c.) over four sites in the flank with 100 µl of emulsified CFA supplemented with 200 μg of MOG33–55 in an emulsion with IFA, which contain 500 μg of heat-inactivated M. tuberculosis (Difco). 300 ng pertussis toxin (List) per mouse in PBS was injected i.p. at the time of immunization and 48 h later. The mice were evaluated daily for clinical signs of EAE. Mice were scored on scale of 0 to 5 [25, 26]: 0, no clinical disease; 1, limp/flaccid tail; 2, moderate hind limb weakness; 3, severe hind limb weakness; 4, complete hind limb paralysis; and 5, quadriplegia or premoribund state.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Pertussis toxin was purchased from List Biological Labs (Campbell, CA). …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

2. Signal evaluation by recognition of T. denticola via TLR2 or TLR4

… Escherichia coli O55:B5 LPS (List Biological Labs, Inc. Ca, USA) was added to TLR4-reporter cells for a positive control. In a preliminary experiment, the phosphatase activity of T. denticola was confirmed to be negligible (data not shown).

• Product #203A – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5

In Vivo Efficacy Study

The in vivo efficacy of various exosome formulations was assessed using an EAE mouse model, which simulates the pathology of human multiple sclerosis.[50] In brief, an equivalent volume of 2 mg mL−1 MOG35–55 peptides (Prospec, Rehovot, Israel) and Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA), containing 4 mg mL−1 of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RA (Chondrex, Woodinville, WA), was mixed using a homogenizer (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). The emulsified MOG peptides were administered subcutaneously at a dose of 200 µg per mouse. In addition, 400 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Labs, Campbell, CA) was intraperitoneally administered 2 and 24 h after emulsion injection. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Experimental endotoxemia

Experimental endotoxemia procedures were performed as described extensively elsewhere 34 283 . In short: during both LPS challenge days, subjects were admitted to the research unit of the Intensive Care Department of the Radboud university medical center for 8 hours. Subjects had to refrain from alcohol and caffeine (24 hours), and food and drinks (12 hours) prior to LPS administration. Upon admission, subjects were weighed to determine the total dose of LPS to be administered (1 ng/kg bodyweight). An intravenous cannula was placed in an antebrachial vein to administer fluids and LPS. A radial artery catheter (BD Infusion Therapy Systems, Sandy, USA) was placed under ultrasound guidance to allow serial blood sampling and continuous monitoring and collection of hemodynamic data. Prior to LPS administration, prehydration fluids (1.5 liters of 2.5% glucose / 0.45% sodium chloride in 45 minutes) were administered to reduce the risk of vasovagal responses 49. Thereafter, a bolus of 1 ng/kg LPS (E. coli Type O113, Lot no. 94332B1; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, USA) …

To request GMP services for #9433 use the following text…
• Product #9433 – GMP LPS Lipopolysaccharide List™ Hpt™ From Escherichia Coli Type O113

EAE induction

EAE was passively induced by the i.v. adoptive transfer of 1 × 106 MBP-specific encephalitogenic T cells generated in vitro from MBP-TCRtg mice by activation with MBP Ac1–11 peptide into sublethally irradiated (360–380 rad) mice as described (17, 45) or by actively induced by subcutaneous immunization with the MPB peptide Ac1-11 (300 μg) emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant (Condrex, Inc, Woodinville, WA) with pertussis toxin (300 ng) (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) administered intraperitoneally on days 0 and 2. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… On days 0, 7, 14, and day 28 post-LPC injection, 0.5 µL of 1 % CTB (Cat# 104, List Biological Labs, Campbell, CA, USA) was carefully injected. The injection targeted a site 10 mm distal to the ischiatic notch and was performed in three rats …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Experimental animals and surgical procedures

… Three days before perfusion, all animals were anesthetized with isoflurane and the left sciatic nerve was exposed. Animals were injected with 3 µl cholera toxin subunit B (CTB; 10 mg/ml) (103B, List Laboratories Inc., Campbell, CA) in the sciatic nerve to transganglionically label ascending dorsal column axons in the spinal cord. …

To determine the effect of GFP and a conditioning lesion (CL) on axonal regeneration and/or retraction after dorsal column lesion (DCL), we used three groups of 6 animals (GFP/CL/DL, CL/DCL, DCL only). In the GFP/CL/DCL group viral vectors were injected into the left L4 and L5 DRG with dual vectors expressing only GFP (8.1× 1012 GC/ml) (as described above), 4 weeks before the DCL. The GFP/CL/DCL and CL/DCL groups received a CL 7 days prior to DCL. For the CL, animals were anaesthetized with isoflurane, the left sciatic nerve exposed and transected at the mid-thigh level, followed by wound closure. All groups received a DCL and transganglionic tracing with CTB as described above. Where a CL was given, CTB was injected into the proximal stump. Anaesthesia and pain relief were administered as described above. …

Immunohistochemistry

… Primary antibodies were as follows. Goat anti-CTB (1:100,000 with 72 h incubation) (List BIological Laboratories); …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt
• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Materials … Pertussis toxin (PTX) was obtained from List Biological Labs, Inc. (Campbell, California, USA). …

EAU model induction and intervention

SPF female C57BL/6J mice (8 weeks, n = 40) were acquired from Wuhan Huayan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. During the one-week period of acclimatization, all the animals were provided a standard diet. The mice received 300 µg of human IRBP (1169–1191, PTARSVGAADGSSWEGVGVVPDV) in CFA (v/v, 1:1) via hypodermic injection and subsequently received 1 µg of PTX intraperitoneally to induce EAU.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)