Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Toxin neutralization assay (TNA):

An in vitro toxin neutralization assay (TNA) was performed using a MTT [3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] in a colorimetric cell viability assay with the J774A.1 macrophage cell line as previously described by Hering et al. [18] with slight modifications by Ndumnego et al. [17]. Briefly, serial diluted goat serum was incubated with PA and LF (List Biological Laboratories, USA) at concentrations of 500 and 400 ng/mL respectively before addition to overnight incubated macrophage cells. …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

… ELISAs were performed as described previously (58). Briefly, 96-well plates were coated at 4C overnight with 1 g/well of recombinant PA or EF (List Biologicals, Campbell, CA). …

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis 

Author did not specify which List Labs Anthrax Edema Factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #178A(Anthrax Edema Factor (EF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #173B (Anthrax Edema Factor (EF), Recombinant, Mutant S447N from B. anthracis).

EAE:

… The mice also received iv injec- tions of 200 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) on days 0 and 2, and were administered ip 10 mg of anti-DR3 or control Ab (rat IgG) on day 0. Individual animals were scored daily for clinical signs of EAE …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… To induce acute liver injury, mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (10 g/kg; E. coli 055:B5; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) …

NOTE:  At the time this paper was written, Product #203 (5mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) was utilized.

Product #203 (5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is no longer sold.

Product #203A (2.5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is available for purchase.

• Product #203A – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5

…1 g/ml CRM 197 (List Biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA, United States) in carbonate buffer at 4 C for 24 h. The plates were washed twice in PBS containing 0.05% Tween 20 and blocked for 2 h with 200 l of 5% bovine serum albumin in …

• Product #149A – Diphtheria Toxin CRM₁₉₇, Mutant

Drug Treatments:

Nocodazole (EMD Chemicals, Inc., San Diego, CA) dissolved in DMSO (Calbiochem, San Diego, CA) is added at a final concentration of 15 M to disrupt microtubules42.  Latrunculin A (AdipoGen, San Diego, CA) dissolved in DMSO is added at a final concentration of 1.7 M to inhibit the polymerization of actin43.  Both drugs or the solvent DMSO are added to the buffered saline within the Petri dish at least 20 minutes prior to an experiment, and remain in the solution for the duration of an experiment, i.e., 40 min. C. difficile Toxin B (List Biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA) at a concentration 200 ng/ml was used to non-specifically inhibit Rho-GTPases. …

• Product #155 – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile

Murine EAE model:

… EAE was induced in female WT and Abcc8/ mice at 8 weeks of age, as described [13]. … Each mouse then received 400 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) intraperitoneally (IP) on post-induction day (pid) 0 and pid-2. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Patch-clamp recording and photoactivation:

… For blocking exocytosis, 200nM TeTx (List Biological Laboratories) along with Alexa568 was included in the internal solution. …

• Product #190 – Tetanus Toxin from Clostridium tetani

Adjuvanticity studies in rabbits:

All immunizations were performed in accordance with University of Minnesota IACUC guidelines
(Protocol 1601-33398A) by Envigo (Huntington, UK). Cohorts of 4 female New Zealand white
rabbits were immunized intramuscularly in the flank with 10 g antigen (diphtheria toxin mutant
CRM197, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA)147-148 and 100 g adjuvant in 0.2 mL saline,
or antigen alone as published previously by us 171. …

• Product #149A – Diphtheria Toxin CRM197, Mutant

Healthy subjects provided fasting whole blood samples that were cultured on 96-well plates and treated for 6 hours with the following Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists ex vivo: Pam3CSK4 (TLR1/2 agonist) 10ng/ml (EMC Microcollections GmbH, Tubingen, Germany), Yersinia pestis grown at 37C LPS (TLR4 agonist) 0.1 ng/ml (gift of Dr. R.K. Ernst, University of Washington), ultrapure Salmonella minnesota Re595 LPS (TLR4) 0.1 ng/ml (for cytokine assays) and 1.0 ng/ml (for cytokine assays and transcriptional assays) (List Biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA), …

• Product #304 – LPS from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re)