Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Mice, Cells, and Reagents:

… Salmonella minnesota ultra pure lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was from List Biologicals Laboratories (Campbell, CA), …

Results – SIRT2 Deficiency Does Not Affect Cytokine Response of BMDMs Exposed to Microbial Ligands and Sensitivity of Mice to Endotoxemia:

… To assess the relevance of these observations in vivo, we developed models of endotoxemia of different severity (Figures (Figures5AD).5AD). In a mild model of endotoxemia (induced by an i.p. challenge with 10mg/kg LPS), TNF and IL-12p40 concentrations in blood and mortality rates (83 vs 100%, P=0.3) were comparable in SIRT2^+/+ and SIRT2^/ mice (Figures (Figures5A,B).5A,B). In a severe model of endotoxemia (induced by 25mg/kg LPS), TNF, IL-6, and IL-12p40 concentrations in blood and mortality rates …

• Product #434 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re)

Cell culture:

Mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-12) were cultured in DMEM/F-12 medium (ATCC) supplemented with 5 g/ml insulin, 10 g/ml transferrin, 30 nM sodium selenite, 10 nM hydrocortisone, 10 nM beta-estradiol, 2 mM L-glutamine, 10 mM HEPES, and 10% fetal bovine serum (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Cells were cultured at 37C in 5% CO₂ and were subcultured continuously (2/wk) for a maximum of 32 sub-passages. In some experiments, LPS (100 ng/ml) was added to serum free medium (12 h). Ultrapure LPS (Escherichia coli 0111:B4) was from List Biological Laboratories (Vandell way, CA) and is reported to be free of contaminating proteins and to selectively activate TLR4 [25]. …

• Product #421 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

Animal Experimentation:

… For EAE induction, 1012-week-old mice were anesthetized and subcutaneously injected with 200 µg MOG₃₅₅₅ and 200 µg Complete Freunds Adjuvant (CFA), containing 4 mg/ml Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37RA, BD Biosciences). Pertussis toxin (200 ng/mouse, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was applied intraperitoneally on days 0 and 2 post immunization (p.i.). Daily clinical evaluation was performed via a 5-point scale. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Cells and Reagents:

… Lyophilized recombinant PA and LF were purchased from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (Campbell, CA), and reconstituted in sterile water to make stock solutions with final concentrations of 1 mg/mL. …

Cell Proliferation Analysis:

Eighty thousand Hepa1c1c7 cells were added into individual wells of 12-well plates. Six replicates were used for each group. The cells were treated with or without LT for 48 h. The cell number in each well was counted after the treatment using a TC20 automated cell counter (BioRad, Hercules, CA). LT-induced cell proliferation inhibition was calculated using the following formula: …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

… Tracing To identify SNpc neurons projecting to the DVC, either the retrograde tracer cholera toxin subunit B (CTB, 0.5% w/v, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) or the anterograde tracer … goat–CTB (List Biological Labs, …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt
• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

… on the right and cholera toxin B subunit (CTB, choleragenoid, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, USA) on the left. … After washing thoroughly in PBS, the sections were incubated in PBS containing a goat anti-CTB antibody (List Biological Laboratories …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt
• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Materials:

… Escherichia coli O111 B4-derived LPS was obtained from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (Campbell, CA, USA). …

Results:

… Monophenols had no effect on Nos2 mRNA expression. The effect of magnolol on Cox-2 and Nos2 mRNA expression was greater than that observed for the positive control treated with LPS.  Next, we investigated the effects of eugenol-related compounds on HO-1 mRNA expression. The results are shown in Figure 5A and B. bis-Eugenol up-regulated the expression of HO-1 mRNA at both 1000 M and 50 M, whereas the other compounds had no effect at either of the two concentrations. The up-regulatory effect on HO-1 mRNA expression was observed in the absence of LPS. The gene expression was compared to that of the control untreated with the other compounds. Also, we investigated the effects of curcumin and isoeugenol on LPS-stimulated Cox-2 mRNA expression in RAW264.7 cells. …

• Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

Mouse EAE model:

Female mice (8-10 weeks old) were immunized by a subcutaneous injection with 200 µg of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)3555 … Pertussis toxin (200ng; List Biological Laboratories; Campbell, CA, USA) was then injected intraperitoneally into the mice on days 0 and 2. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Induction of EAE:

EAE was induced with two sc injections of emulsion delivering 200 mg designated peptide and 0.4 mg M. tuberculosis in IFA per injection on days 0 and 7. Then 250 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological) was concomi- tantly administered ip to mice on …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Toxin neutralization assay (TNA):

An in vitro toxin neutralization assay (TNA) was performed using a MTT [3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] in a colorimetric cell viability assay with the J774A.1 macrophage cell line as previously described by Hering et al. [18] with slight modifications by Ndumnego et al. [17]. Briefly, serial diluted goat serum was incubated with PA and LF (List Biological Laboratories, USA) at concentrations of 500 and 400 ng/mL respectively before addition to overnight incubated macrophage cells. …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis