Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

… The Pertussis toxin (PTX, List Biological Laboratories Inc.) was given intraperitoneally at 0.5 mg/dose, with a second dose after 24 h …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… OVA was purified using anion exchange chromatography. (23) Tcd A was obtained from List Biological Laboratories Inc. (Campbell, CA, USA). …

• Product #152C – Toxin A from Clostridium difficile

PA Delivery

Anthrax Lethal Factor protease is delivered into cells via co-administration with protective antigen (PA). Cells were treated with 2 µg/mL PA (List Labs, 171E) only as a control, or 2 µg/mL PA + 1 µg/mL Lethal Factor (List Labs, 169L).

• Product #171E – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis
• Product #169L – Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence

METHODS

… An in-house Multiplex assay was used to measure antigen-specific colostrum and breastmilk IgA. MagPlex microspheres (Luminex DiaSorin, Italy) were conjugated to 4 antigens: PT, PRN, DT and TT (181, 187, 151 and 191B, respectively, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, United-States) …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

• Product #187 – Pertactin from B. pertussis (69 kDa Protein)
• Product #151 – Diphtheria Toxoid, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae
• Product #191 – Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani

Whole-blood Stimulation With Vaccine Adjuvants

Maternal and cord blood were diluted 1:5 in Roswell Park Memorial Institute with 10% FCS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin and stimulated with 5 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL of Alum and CRM197 (149A, list labs), respectively. The final blood dilution following the addition of vaccine adjuvants was 1:10. Blood was incubated for 24 hours at 37 °C in 5% CO2, after which the supernatant was removed and stored at −80 °C. The vaccinated group in this analysis contains samples from pregnancies where women received either Tdap alone or Tdap and influenza vaccination.

• Product #149A – Diphtheria Toxin CRM197, Mutant

Reagents … GST-SV2C (list labs, Cat. #690). …

4.7 Affinity determination

BIAcore was used to determine the affinity constant between the antibody and BoNT/AHCC antigen. Antibodies were coated on Protein A chips and antigen concentrations set to 100 nM, 50 nM, 25 nM, 12.5 nM, 6.25 nM, 3.125 nM, respectively. Antibodies were coated first, then bound and dissociated with varying concentrations of antigens, and the resulting sensorgrams were fitted by analytical software to calculate the affinity constants for antibodies and antigens. BIAcore was also used to detect the affinity constant between SV2C and BoNT/AHCC. A CM5 sensor chip was immobilized with SV2C, and BoNT/AHCC concentrations were set to 400 nM, 200 nM, 100 nM, 50 nM, 25 nM, 12.5 nM. …

Immunization and scoring

The immunization method described in a previous study was modified.30 Under anesthesia, 200 μg ovalbumin (OVA; Grade V; Sigma) and 0.5 μg cholera toxin (CT; List Biological Laboratories; Cat: 100 B) suspended in 5 μL of PBS per eye were dropped using a micropipette. The solution was instilled into the eyes five times every other day from Day 0, and another four times from Day 14. On the day before sacrifice, the mice were challenged with 200 µg OVA in 5 µL of PBS without CT. After administering the solution, the mice were immediately moved to a clear acrylic cage, and their actions were scored for 10 min. We counted the number of scratched eyes, excluding the grooming behavior in a blinded fashion.

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

2.3.1. Induction of EAE in C57BL/6J Mice

In the present study, we used the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis [54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61]. For EAE induction (including control injections; see below), only female animals were used as in our previous studies [25,26,27,53,79]. EAE inductions in female C57BL/6J mice were performed as previously described [25,26,27,53]. Mice were randomly allocated to the two different groups, i.e., experimental EAE group or negative control group. For EAE inductions, mice were injected subcutaneously into axilla and groin with a total of 200 µg of MOG35–55 peptide (MEVGWYRSPFSRV VHLYRNGK). The peptide was thoroughly suspended in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). Mice that were injected with the same volume of CFA only served as negative controls. On the same day, 1–2 h after MOG/CFA or CFA-only injection, and on the next day, both EAE and control mice were injected intraperitoneally with pertussis toxin (PTX) (List Biological Laboratories/Biozol (Eching, Germany #181). In total, 200 ng PTX was used for each injection, as previously described [25,26,27,53]. …

• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)

EAE induction

Il17a-GFP:Ifng-YFP reporter mice were immunized subcutaneously in both flanks with 100 µg of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35–55 peptide (MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK; Eurogentec) emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant solution (4 mg ml–1 heat-inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant; Difco Laboratories). On the day of immunization and 2 days after, mice received 200 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories) in 100 µl of PBS via retro-orbital route. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Cholera toxin was acquired from List biological labs (Campbell, CA, USA). To analyze cell death after drug treatment, gelatin, neural buffered formalin (NBF), triton X-100, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), while cell tracker deep red and CD324 …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae