Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Rabies virus tracing

… We performed a craniotomy to expose either (1) the ventral portion of the occipital cortex and the lateral aspects of the posterior cerebellum or (2) the lateral prefrontal cortex. We resected the dura and used a Hamiton syringe (30-gauge needle) to place multiple injection tracks into either the cerebellar hemisphere (Crus IIp) or the PrePMd. We injected small amounts (0.2 µl) of a mixture of rabies virus (CVS-N2c 4.5 × 109 pfu/mL; provided by M. Schnell) and 0.02% CTb (List Biological Laboratories) at depths at least 0.5 mm apart along the injection tracks. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

… For the in vitro stimulations, PBMCs were seeded at a concentration of 2×105 cells/well in triplicates and stimulated with LPS (8.33 ng/ml, List Biological Laboratories Inc., Campbell, USA) with/without α7nAChR agonist PHA568487 (83 µM) for 4 hours as previously described. Supernatants were analyzed using the Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine Panel 17-plex assay (Bio Rad Laboratories, Inc. Hercules, USA) following the manufacturer’s protocol. Inclusion criteria for each participant: Following LPS stimulation, …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.
List Labs provides the following LPS products: https://www.listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Antigens and standards PT, PRN, and FIM 2/3 were obtained from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA). …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

• Product #186 – Fimbriae 2/3 from B. pertussis
• Product #187 – Pertactin from B. pertussis (69 kDa Protein)

2.3.3. ELISpot Assays

… In brief, ELISpot assay plates (MabTech Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA) specific for the detection of primate IFN γ were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Diluted PBMC cells were dispensed (100 µL/well) into a 96-well plate that had been pre-plated using an automated liquid handler (Opentrons, Queens, NY, USA) under sterile filtered air flow. One hundred µL of CGM alone (negative control), Phytohemagglutinin-A/L (PHA-L) in CGM at 5 µg/mL (positive control), MARV peptides (Appendix A Table A4) at 10–20 g/mL, tetanus toxoid (positive control) (List laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) at 2 g/mL, or tetanus peptide (positive control) (TT830–844) at 10 g/mL were added. Peptides used for macaque microsphere immunization were added to the wells at a concentration of 10 g/mL. All samples were assayed in duplicate. …

• Product #191 – Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani

Differentiation of SVF into adipocytes

When 100% confluency was reached, SVF cells were induced with the adipogenic cocktail containing 1 μM dexamethasone (Sigma-Aldrich, D4902), 10 μg ml−1 insulin (Sigma, I9278) and 0.5 mM isobutylmethylxanthine (Sigma, I7018) supplemented in DMEM/F12 for 2 days, followed by incubation in the adipocyte culture medium (DMEM supplied with 10% FBS) containing 10 μg ml−1 insulin for another 2 days. Then the cells were maintained in DMEM supplied with 10% FBS for 2 days. For treatment with inhibitors, cells were fasted for 12 h and pretreated with gallein (10 μM; MedChemExpress, HY-D0254), Y-27632 (10 μM; Solarbio, IY0050), SB203580 (10 μM; MedChemExpress, 152121-47-6), PTX (100 ng ml−1; List Biological Laboratories, 180) or H89 (20 μM; MedChemExpress, HY-15979A) for 4, 1, 1, 12 or 1 h, respectively, before treatment with 20 mM sodium L-lactate.

• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer

…. pertussis toxin from Bordetella pertussis from List Biologic Laboratories (Campbell, CA); …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Reagents. LPS from E. coli serotype 0111:B4 was purchased from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA). …

Chromatin Preparation and ChIP Assay.

Macrophages were stimulated in the presence or absence of LPS (10 ng/mL) in RPMI containing 10% FBS for up to 8 hours. …

• Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

Establishment of the EAE model

According to a previously established method30, WT C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously immunized with 200 μg of murine myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55 peptide (Catalog Number: MOG-001, Chinese Peptide Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China) in complete Freund’s adjuvant (Catalog Number: 7001, Chondrex Inc., Woodinville, WA, USA). Each mouse was intraperitoneally injected with 400 ng of pertussis toxin (Catalog Number: 181, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) twice at 0 h and 48 h postimmunization. …

• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)

Toxin challenge

In vivo challenge experiments with CT were performed as described previously (Tokuhara et al., 2010). Briefly, vaccinated mice (10 mice per group) were orally administered 20 μg CT (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA); 12 h later, mice were euthanized and their small intestine and colon were removed for clinical evaluation of diarrhea and collection of intestinal contents. Samples were centrifuged and intestinal water content was measured.

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Retrograde viral tracing from the trachea and the lungs
… In the subsequent confirmatory experiments, the Cre-dependent viral tracer, AAVrg-CAG-FLEX-tdTomato-WPRE10GH, was injected into the trachea of heterozygous CGRP-Cre mice (n = 2). Again, animals were anaesthetized with isoflurane (4% for induction and 1.8–2.5% for maintenance), a midline incision was made in the neck and the muscles overlying the trachea were retracted to expose the trachea. Next using a Hamilton syringe, 1 μl of AAVrg-CAG-FLEX-tdTomato-WPRE10GH together with 2μl of saline was injected into the lumen of the trachea. After 4 weeks, the animals were euthanized and their brains, trachea and vagal ganglia were collected for immunohistochemistry. Alternatively, cholera toxin B (CTB, catalogue number #104, List Biological Labs, 0.3% w/v, 5 μl per injection), a retrograde tracer, was injected into the trachea of Phox2b-Cre;loxP-ChR2 mice (n = 6) following the experimental procedures described above. After one week, the animals were euthanized and their brains and vagal ganglia were collected for immunohistochemistry.

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt