Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Dorsal column transection with sciatic nerve conditioning lesion:

… Five days before tissue collection, the left sciatic nerve was exposed again and 1.5 l of 10 mg/ml cholera toxin subunit (CT; List Biological Laboratories), a trans-ganglionic tracer, was injected into the proximal nerve section using a pulled glass capillary tube pipette.

For immunohistochemical analyses of tracer-labeled regenerated axons, a series of every second section of the T4T9 spinal cord segments (1116 sections per mouse, 100 m apart) was processed for CT immunoreactivity, with the starting section number chosen for each mouse at random. Individual sections were washed,…and incubated in goat anti-CT (List Biological Laboratories, 1:8000) for 15 h.

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt
• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)
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Antibodies, reagents and medium:

…CT was from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA, USA); …

Measurement of CT– and BLG-specific antibodies in mouse serum:

…For the measurement of CT-specific antibodies, Maxisorp microtitre plates (Nunc) were coated with 100 µl/well of 1 µg/ml CT in PBS and incubated overnight at room temperature. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

EAE:

Experiments were performed on adult L71.8TG mice [6] or their wildtype littermates bred in-house…The mice also received an intraperitoneal injection of 500 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Labs) in 200 µl 0.1M phosphate-buffered saline immediately after the first immunization with MOG and again 48 h later.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

In Vitro Selection of Toxin B-Specific MREs:

… Lyophilized toxin B (List Biological Laboratories; Campbell, CA, USA) was reconstituted in pure water and covalently immobilized to carboxylic acid-coated magnetic beads …

• Product #155 – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile

Induction of EAE:

Mice were immunized subcutaneously (s.c.) with 100 µl of emulsified incomplete Freunds adjuvant (IFA) supplemented with 500 µg of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (DIFCO) and 100 µg of MOG_35-55, and received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 200 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories) at the time of immunization and 48 hours later. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Induction and evaluation of EAE:

Mice were injected s.c. into both flanks with 100 µg MOG₃₅₅₅ peptide…They were also injected twice i.p. with 200 ng PT (List Biological Laboratories) administered on the day of immunization and 48 hours later. Clinical assessment

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Mice were sensitized intragastrically (ig) with 20 mg whey (DMV International, Veghel, The Netherlands) in 0.5 mL PBS containing 10 µg cholera toxin (CT; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) as an adjuvant. Sham-sensitized mice received CT alone. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Mouse Colonic Organ Culture:

Mouse fetal colonic tissues were obtained at E 18.5 with or without HC treatment during pregnancy, and 10-wk-old adult mice colonic tissues were cut into 3-mm pieces and cultured under conditions described in the human colonic organ culture section. After 2h at 37 C, tissues were stimulated with ultra purified LPS 0111:B4 from Escherichia coli (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) or PBS for 45min and 6h. Supernatants were collected and stored at 20 C for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis.

• Product #421 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

Reagents and Materials:

… Lipopolysaccaride (LPS) from Salmonella typhimurium was from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA, USA). …

GBS Coculture with Extraplacental Choriodecidual Membranes:

GBS in early exponential growth phase was diluted with DMEM/1% FBS to an estimated 110⁶ colony forming units/mL (CFU/mL). Inoculant concentrations were validated by overnight growth on 5% sheep blood agar with erythromycin. GBS was heat killed by incubating bacterial culture at 70 C for 15 min. Lack of viability was confirmed by plating GBS on 5% sheep blood agar. LTA and LPS treatments were made in DMEM/1% FBS. Following a 24-h acclimation, the medium of the choriodecidual punches was replaced with 1 mL GBS inoculant (~110⁶ CFU/mL), LTA (1 g/mL), LPS (100 ng/mL), or fresh DMEM/1%FBS (control). Following 24 h of incubation with GBS, medium from the choriodecidual punches was filtered through a 0.2 m pore filter to remove the bacteria, and then stored at 80 C: this medium is referred to as GBS conditioned choriodecidual medium in this study. Medium from choriodecidual punches treated with LTA or LPS for 24 h was also 0.2 m filtered and then stored at 80 C: this medium is referred to as LTA or LPS conditioned choriodecidual medium. Coculture experiments were conducted in triplicate using extraplacental membranes from a minimum of seven women.

Amnion Epithelial Cell Isolation:

… Amnion epithelial cells were treated with either GBS choriodecidual conditioned medium, LTA (10 g/mL), LPS (100 ng/mL), …

• Product #225 – LPS from Salmonella typhimurium

Reagents and plasmids:

… Purified LPS from Escherichia coli was obtained from List Biological Laboratory Inc. (Campbell, CA, USA) and dissolved in endotoxinfree water. …

Gambogic acid suppresses the expression of cytokines at both mRNA and protein levels in LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived primary macrophages:

We investigated the effects of gambogic acid on TLR4 ligand-induced cytokine expression in bone marrow-derived primary macrophages (BMDMs). When BMDMs were stimulated with LPS, a TLR4 ligand, gambogic acid reduced the protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1, IL-12, and IL-6 (Fig. 2), as well as the mRNA levels (Fig. 3), both of which are normally increased by LPS, demonstrating that the inhibitory effects of gambogic acid were achieved at the transcriptional level. …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/