Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Experimental allergic encephalitis induction:

Experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE) induction experiments were performed as described in our previous study (21). …Some experiments were performed using 100 mg MOG3555 plus 100 mg zymosan in IFA. Mice also received 250 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories) i.p. on days 0 and 2 postimmunization.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE):

Ten mice were randomly selected to be immunized with 50 µg MOG₃₅₅₅ peptide emulsified (1:1) in incomplete Freunds adjuvant (IFA) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pertussis toxin (300 ng; PTX, List Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) was injected intravenously on the day of MOG₃₅₅₅ immunization and two days later.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Serological analysis:

Anti-PT IgG antibodies were analysed using a validated in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) slightly modified from previous publications [15,16]. Briefly, PT (List Biological labs, CA, USA) was coated to 96 wells micro-titer plates at 1 µg/ml in 0.05 M bicarbonate buffer pH 9.6 for 48 h at 4° C. Blocking was performed with 250 µL 1% powdered skimmed milk (Oxoid, UK) in PBS for 30 min at room temperature. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Analysis of regeneration of dorsal column fibers:

Eight- to ten-week-old Wistar rats or GSK3 genetic mouse models were subjected to spinal cord dorsal hemisection and allowed to recover for five weeks. A group of animals was conditioned one week prior to SCI by transecting the left sciatic nerve. Four days prior to euthanasia, 2 µL of 1% CT-B (List Biologicals, Campbell, CA, USA) was injected in the left sciatic nerve.

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL:

Female C57BL/6 mice were maintained at the animal facilities of the Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac.  …  Additionally, mice intraperitoneally received 100 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) at the time of initial immunisation with 2OA-BSA in Complete Freunds Adjuvant. Immediately following sacrifice, liver tissue was harvested, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, and cut into 4-m sections for routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Evaluation under light microscopy and scoring of liver inflammation and bile duct damage was performed on coded H&E-stained sections …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Generation of BLT humanized mice, plasma immunoglobulin ELISA, PC-KLH immunization and plasma cell ELISPOT analyses:

… Cholera toxin (1 µg) was used as an adjuvant (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA).

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Sensitization and challenge protocol:

Based on a previous study about oral allergen-induced diarrhea, we generated the following protocol for the food allergic and tolerant models31. Mice (n=310) were sensitized with 100 g of cOVA by i.p. injection with or without various doses of LPS derived from Escherichia coli 055:B5 (LIST Biological Laboratories Inc., Campbell, CA, USA) in 200 l phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) on days 0 and 14. Mice (n=35) sham sensitized with PBS on days 0 and 14 were used as the control. …

NOTE:  At the time this paper was written, Product #203 (5mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) was utilized.

Product #203 (5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is no longer sold.

Product #203A (2.5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is available for purchase.

• Product #203A – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5

… The skull was exposed using a midline incision in the scalp and a hole was drilled (230 VAC Drill, Microtorque II, Circuit Medic, USA) at 4.4 mm lateral to and 4.3 mm posterior to bregma. 1 l of either tetanus toxin (2.5 ng/l in PBS; List Biological Laboratories Inc., California, US A) or bovine serum albumin (BSA; 2 % in PBS) was injected at a depth of 7.5 mm below the cortical surface, using the hole as a guide. …

• Product #190 – Tetanus Toxin from Clostridium tetani

Methods:

Recombinant LF (native sequence) was purchased from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (Campbell, CA), and used without further purification. …

LF peptidolytic activity assay:

Cleavage of the synthetic MAPKK substrate by LF results in separation of the donor and acceptor moieties and restoration of fluorescence. Development of fluorescence as read by a SpectraMax M2 multiwell microplate fluorometer (Ex/Em=490nm/523nm) was used to measure the rate of LF-catalyzed substrate cleavage Kocer SS, Walker SG, Zerler B, et al. Metalloproteinase inhibitors, nonantimicrobial chemically modified tetracyclines, and ilomastat block Bacillus anthracis lethal factor activity in viable cells. Infect Immun 2005;73:754857 [Google Scholar]. All reagents were diluted as necessary for each assay just prior to use. Assays were repeated until conditions were optimized and consistent results were achieved. Reactions for data collection were then carried out in triplicate, in 96-well microplates, at 37C, with a final volume of 150L in each well: 50L of LF, 50L of substrate and 50L of inhibitor (or reaction buffer for control wells). LF was diluted with reaction buffer to a 100nM final concentration in the well under all reaction conditions, while inhibitor and substrate were diluted to various concentrations, in reaction buffer, as described in the results. All LF and inhibitor/control pairs were incubated at 37C in the reaction wells for 20min prior to the addition of substrate, and read by the fluorometer immediately after the addition of substrate. …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169L (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

… Mice were orally sensitized with 1 mg of EW, PN, and whey proteins adjuvanated with 10 µg of cholera toxin (CT; List Biologicals, Campbell, CA, USA) for 4 weeks (twice a week) as presented in Figure 1. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae