Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

2.8 Retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry for CTb:

In order to identify potential circumventricular organ projections to the BLA, we used cholera toxin B-subunit (CTb) as a retrograde tracer to identify neurons with direct afferent projections to the BLA. Basolateral amygdala injection sites were taken from a previous experiment examining activation of an anxiety-related neuronal circuit projecting to the BLA and thus the procedure for iontophoretic injection of CTb and exposure to an open-field was conducted… Briefly, prior to CTb injection rats were anesthetized between 4 and 6 h after light onset with Hypnorm-Dormicum mixture…  A glass microelectrode was broken to a final tip diameter of 15-20 µm and a solution of dialyzed 4% CTb (Cat. No. 104, LIST Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) in PBS was applied iontophoretically using positive current pulses of 10 mA (7 s on; 7 s off) for 10 min. …

One set of slices was used for double immunostaining using primary antibodies directed against CTb (goat anti-CTb, Cat No. 703, 1:3000 List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) and …

Immunohistochemistry for CTb and c-Fos was conducted on free-floating tissue in 30 ml tubes and gently shaken on an orbital shaker throughout double immunostaining. Tissue was rinsed in 3% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in PBS for 30 min, followed by washing in PBS containing 0.1% Triton X-100 (PBST) for 310 min; tissue was then blocked in 1% human serum albumin (HSA) in 0.1% PBST for 30 min. Sections were incubated overnight at 4° C with 1:3000 goat anti-CTb in 1% human serum albumin(HSA)/PBST. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt
• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Reagents:

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was obtained from List Biological Laboratories (San Jose, CA, USA). …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

Induction of EAE and Therapeutic Study:

In addition, 200 ng/100 L of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories Inc.) was injected intraperitoneally on the day of immunization (day 0) and 2 days post-immunization.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Reagents:

Lethal Toxin, consisting of protective antigen and lethal factor, was from List Biological Laboratories.

…cells used for the Lethal Toxin stimulation were from BALB/c mice.

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Mice and in vivo treatments:

DC depletion (in mice reconstituted with CD11c-DTR marrow) was accomplished by injection of diphtheria toxin (DT) (5 ng/g, IV; List Biological) 2 days in a row.

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

… The right hindlimb was gently shaved and disinfected. A small incision was done in the skin above the tibialis ante- rior muscle, and 5 µl of 0.5% cholera toxin subunit B (CTB, List Biological Laboratories) were injected, …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Materials and Cell Culture:

.. pertussis toxin by List Biological Laboratories. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

CTb (list biological laboratories Inc., Campell, CA)

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Tetanus toxoid-specific human T-cell response:

For in vitro TT stimulation, dendritic cells were incubated with 2gml¹ TT (List Biological Laboratories) overnight.

• Product #190 – Tetanus Toxin from Clostridium tetani

Vaccine Preparation and Treatment Groups:

…The number of foals in each group was determined a priori, and foals were assigned randomly to each of the groups. The study groups were as follows: 1) low-dose inactivated virulent R. equi group (n=9), receiving 210¹⁰ CFUs of inactivated R. equi combined with 100 µg of cholera toxin subunit B (CTB, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) as a mucosal adjuvant, diluted in 100 ml of saline administered via nasogastric intubation; 2) high-dose inactivated virulent R. equi group (n=10), receiving 110¹¹ CFUs of inactivated R. equi with 100 µg of CTB diluted in 100 ml of saline via nasogastric intubation; 3) live virulent R. equi group (n=6), receiving 110¹⁰ CFUs of live R. equi diluted in 100 ml of saline administered via nasogastric intubation; 4) control with CTB group (n=9), receiving 100 µg of CTB diluted in 100 ml of saline via nasogastric intubation; and, 5) control without CTB group (n=8), receiving 100 ml of saline via nasogastric intubation. Treatments (i.e., live bacteria, inactivated bacteria, and negative controls) were administered by nasogastric intubation to foals at 2, 9, 16, and 23 days of age.

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt