Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Reagents and mice:

… Cholera toxin (CT) was purchased from List Biological Laboratories Inc. (Campbell, CA, USA). …

Induction of peanut allergy, EPIT treatment and induction of esophageal and jejunal injuries:

Twenty-four mice were first sensitized to peanut proteins by means of 6 intra-gastric gavages (D1, D7, D13, D19, D25, D32) as previously described [4], with 1 mg of PPE mixed with 10 µg of CT. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Immunization and challenge:

Ovalbumin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and cholera toxin (CT) mucosal adjuvant (List Biological Laboratories, Compel, CA) were purchased and stored according to the manufacturer’s protocols. Mice were intranasally immunized twice, one week apart, with 10 µL of PBS containing 10 µg Ovalbumin plus 1 µg CT (OVA+CT) or 1 µg CT alone (CT). …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

… reagents from commercial sources:  PTx from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Expression and Labeling of M18 scFv :

A standard 3-ml culture of cells harboring plasmids to surface display M18 scFv (e.g. pBAD_M18_138) was grown in LB medium (BD Diagnostics) in the presence of 30 g/ml chloramphenicol (Thermo Fisher Scientific) to an optical density (A₆₀₀) of 0.6 at 25 C. Cells were then induced via the addition of 0.2% l-arabinose (Sigma) to express M18 scFv for 12 h at 25 C. The presence of M18 scFv on the surface of E. coli was characterized by the ability of intact cells to bind antigens (PA₆₃ and PAD4) using flow cytometry. PAD4 containing FLAG epitope tag (rPAD4) was recombinantly expressed in E. coli and purified as described previously (35), and PA₆₃-FITC was obtained from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. …  

• Product #175 – Anthrax PA 63 – FITC Conjugate                               

EAE induction:

EAE was induced in 6- to 8-week-old female mice by subcutaneous immunization with 100 g of MOG_35-55 peptide (MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK; NeoMPS, San Diego, CA) emulsified in CFA containing 200 g of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RA (Difco, Detroit, MI) on day 0. Additionally, mice received 200 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) i.p. in 0.5 ml of PBS on days 0 and 2. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Surgery:

… Following optical imaging, the retrograde tracers Cholera toxin B (CTB, 10 g/l List Biological Laboratories) and CTB conjugated with gold (CTBG, 10 µg/µl List Biological Laboratories) were injected (Nanoliter 2000, World Precision Instruments) using a glass capillary (tip diameter 1012 m) into frequency-matched (NA1 = 8, BFA1 = 8.4 0.6 kHz, NcSRAF = 8, BFSRAF = 7.3 0.4 kHz, t(16) = 1.56, p = 0.14) contours in A1 and cSRAF. Injections targeted layer IV in both areas and had a cortical surface separation of 1.8 0.05 mm. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

For Western blots, whole-cell lysates from 106 J774A.1 cells, separated by SDS/PAGE, were probed by anti-PA (List Biological Laboratories) and anti-actin antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) with chemiluminescence detection. …

Induction and evaluation of EAE:

Mice were immunized for the induction of EAE using a 2 or 1 immunization protocol … One week later, all mice received an identical injection of MOG₃₅₅₅-CFA. For the 1 immunization protocol, mice received a sonicated emulsion of 200 g MOG₃₅₅₅ and CFA containing 200 g Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RA by subcutaneous injections, immediately thereafter, each animal received 200 ng PTX (List Biological Laboratories) by intravenous injection. Mice were scored daily for clinical quantitative trait variables beginning at day 5 after injection as follows: …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Experimental Protocol:

… After the baseline scans, five sheep received a continuous 10 ng/kg/min intravenous infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS, O55:B5, List Biological Laboratories Inc, California) while six did not.

In this manner, four regional pulmonary pathophysiological conditions were studied:

1. healthy lung, i.e., no LPS and no lung lavage (LPS, Lav)
2. lung exposed to bronchoalveolar lavage but not to endotoxin (LPS, Lav+)
3. lung exposed to systemic endotoxin but not to lavage (LPS+, Lav)
4. lung exposed to systemic endotoxin and bronchoalveolar lavage (LPS+, Lav+)

NOTE:  At the time this paper was written, Product #203 (5mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) was utilized.

Product #203 (5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is no longer sold.

Product #203A (2.5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is available for purchase.

• Product #203A – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5

In vivo LPS treatment in mice:

Experiments were performed according to protocols approved by the Chancellors Animal Research Committee of the Office for Protection of Research Subjects at the University of California, Los Angeles. LPS (Escherichia coli strain O55:B5, lot number 20316A1) was purchased from List Laboratories. We determined that the concentration of 10 mg/kg in this lot was adequate to induce the white matter injury in C57BL/6 mice as described in the results. LPS was diluted in sterile saline to a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml and injected subcutaneously between the shoulders. Please see supplementary materials for detailed information on injection.

NOTE:  At the time this paper was written, Product #203 (5mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) was utilized.

Product #203 (5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is no longer sold.

Product #203A (2.5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is available for purchase.

• Product #203A – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5