Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

In vivo cell depletion:

Treg cells were depleted by administration of diphtheria toxin (DT) to Foxp3^DTR mice (List Biological Laboratories). Fifty micrograms per kilogram of DT was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) in a 200 L volume every other day for 12 days unless otherwise noted. Control animals received 200 L sterile PBS ip. DT administration results in greater than 95% reduction specifically of Treg cells in the spleen, LN’s, peripheral blood, and bone marrow (data not shown). DT treatment of control (C57BL/6) mice failed to induce any signs of B-cell activation, terminal differentiation, T_FH development, or autoantibody production (Supporting Information Fig. 1). CD4 depletion was achieved by administration of 250 g GK1.5 ip every 3rd day (Bio X Cell).

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Retrograde tracing of LPT/MLR neurons after CTb injections in the spinal cord:

Rats (n=4) were injected with 15nl of cholera toxin B subunit (CTb, 1% in saline) in the spinal ventral horn at the C8-T1 level. 2 weeks after the injection the rats were transcardially perfused with saline and 4% phosphate-buffered formalin. Brains were cut at 40m sections and processed immunohistochemically for CTb and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). In brief, the sections were incubated in primary antibody (polyclonal goat anti-CTb antibody; 1:10,000; List Biologicals) for 24 hours at room temperature followed by incubation in …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Experimental Protocols:

Rats received intravenous (femoral vein) LeTx [lethal factor (LF) and protective antigen (PA); LF 100 g/kg+PA 200 g/kg; infusion rate 1.0 ml/hr) or vehicle (PA+PBS with 1% BSA, 0.5 ml/hr or PBS with 1% BSA, 1.0 ml/hr]. LF and PA were recombinant proteins prepared from B. anthracis and purchased from List Biological Laboratories. Experiments were completed in INT and SAD rats. MAP, HR, lumbar SND, and renal SND were recorded continuously during LeTx or vehicle infusions. The maximum infusion duration was 3 hours; however, due to LeTx-induced reductions in MAP, the majority of experiments were terminated before the completion of 3 hours. The effect of a short bout of combined hypoxia and hypercapnia on SND responsivity, produced by shutting off the mechanical ventilator for a short period of time (1530 s), was determined near the end of LeTx and vehicle infusion experiments. Arterial pO2 and pCO2 levels were measured before and 1530 s after ventilation was terminated. Rats were euthanized by an intravenous overdose of methohexital sodium (150 mg/kg iv).

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Pertussis toxin (PTX), … List Biologicals, CA

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Immunohistochemistry:

… CTb was subsequently visualized with a goat anti-CTb primary antibody (1:20,000; List Biological Laboratories), …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Reagents:

PA₆₃ was purchased from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA). …

Channel reconstitution into planar lipid bilayers:

… For multichannel experiments, we applied 12 l of 0.2 mg ml¹ stock PA₆₃. Under this protocol, the channel insertions were always directional. The applied potential was defined as positive if it was higher on the side of protein addition.

• Product #174 – Anthrax Protective Antigen, Activated (PA 63) from B. anthracis

Transganglionic tracing of ascending sensory axons:

Animals that were used for immunohistochemical analysis of sensory axon regeneration received injections of 1% cholera toxin-subunit (CTB; 2 µl per side, List Biological Laboratories) bilaterally into the sciatic nerve at mid-thigh level 3 d before perfusion.

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

RelA translocation assay:

OT-II CD90.1+CD4+ T cells were isolated from spleen and lymph nodes with a CD4+ T cell isolation kit (Miltenyi Biotec), and 0.51 3 106 cells were adoptively transferred into CD90.2+ wild-type recipients. The next day, recipient mice were injected i.v. with 5 mg of Escherichia coli LPS (List Biological Laboratories) diluted in PBS, and then a day later, some mice were injected i.v. with 100 mg of chicken OVA peptide 323339 (Invitrogen) diluted in PBS. …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

EAE:

… on days 0 and 7 following Tompkins et al. (2002), with pertussis toxin (PTx) (List Biologicals) 200 ng ip on day 0 and day 2 and followed for evidence of disease. Clinical severity was graded daily as follows by a blinded … 

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

EAE Induction:

… On the day of immunization and again 2 d later, each mouse was injected ip with 200 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) in 0.1 ml PBS. Clinical EAE severity was …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)