Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Tract tracing and rapid Golgi:

When physiological recordings were complete, the tungsten microelectrode was replaced by a tracer-filled glass pipette, through which recordings of auditory responses could be made prior to iontophoresis of neural tract tracers. Three different tracers were used, neurobiotin (NB; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR), cholera toxin (CTX; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA), …

For tract tracing with CTX, immunohistochemical procedures were used to visualize the labeled terminals and fibers. Free-floating sections (40 m) were preincubated for 1 hour in a blocking solution consisting of 10% normal goat serum and 0.3% Triton X-100 in 0.1 M PBS (pH 7.4). Subsequently, sections were incubated with goat anticholeragenoid antibody (List Biological Laboratories), diluted 1:10,000 overnight at 4°C. After multiple washes in PBS, sections were incubated for 1 hour in biotinylated secondary antiserum diluted 1:1,500. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae
• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Sensitization of mice:

Mice were sensitized by intragastric administration of 1 mg ovalbumin (OVA, grade V, Sigma Chemicals, St. Louis, MO) or ovomucoid (OM, Sigma) plus 10 µg cholera toxin (List Biologicals, Campbell, CA, USA)as adjuvant weekly for six weeks.

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Inflammation experiments:

Three-month-old mice were killed (n = 3, each group) and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC), bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM), and thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages were prepared and stimulated as previously described (2832). … Cells were preincubated for 1 h with dexamethasone (Sigma-Aldrich) before stimulation with 10 ng/ml Salmonella minnesota Ultra Pure LPS (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA), …

• Product #434 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re)

Flavivirus studies:

YFV-17D was grown on Vero cells, and for antigenicity studies purified virus was exposed to dilutions of H₂O₂ (Fisher Scientific), formaldehyde (Fisher Scientific) or BPL (Sigma-Aldrich) at 2024 C, diluted to 1 g ml¹ and used to coat ELISA plates. YFV-immune mice were infected intraperitoneally with 1 10⁶ PFU of YFV-17D, and immune serum was obtained at 220 d after infection. WNV-NY99 was grown on Vero cells and purified by ultracentrifugation using 36% (w/v) sucrose cushions in PBS (pH 7.4) at 110,000g for 2.5 h at 4 C. Pellets were resuspended in PBS, pH 7.4 and inactivated with 3% H₂O₂ for 2 h at 2024 C, with inactivation confirmed by plaque assay on Vero cells before final formulation and immunization. Mice were immunized subcutaneously with 10-g doses of H₂O₂-WNV formulated with 50 g of aluminum hydroxide (alum, Sigma-Aldrich) and 5 g of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) …

• Product #401 – LIPID A monophosphoryl from Salmonella minnesota R595

Reagents and Antibodies :

… LPS from Salmonella minnesota R595 was obtained from List Biological Laboratories. …

Results – Sp-D Binding to SIRP Is Calcium-dependent, Carbohydrate-specific, and Inhibited by LPS :

… Sp-D is also known to bind with high affinity to rough LPS, the major component of Gram-negative cell walls (19). Therefore, we assessed whether Sp-D binding to SIRP was affected by LPS from S. minnesota Re mutant that expresses a truncated rough LPS known to be a strong ligand for Sp-D (37). The Re mutant expresses the shortest form of LPS among different S. minnesota strains containing only lipid A and 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (38). As shown in Fig. 3C, increasing concentrations of LPS significantly decreased Sp-D binding to SIRP. We observed 50% inhibition of Sp-D binding to SIRP at a concentration of 40 g/ml LPS, which is consistent with previous reports (39).

• Product #304 – LPS from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re)

Stimulation assays:

Synovial fibroblasts were plated in 12-well plates (5 10⁴ cells/well) in 1 ml supplemented Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium and stimulated for 2, 8, or 24 hours with 10 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor (TNF), 1 ng/ml interleukin-1 (IL-1) (both from R&D Systems), 300 ng/ml bacterial lipopeptide palmitoyl-3-cysteine-serine-lysine-4, 10 g/ml poly(I-C) (both from InvivoGen), or 10 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS; from Escherichia coli J5) (List Biological Laboratories). …

• Product #301 – LPS from Escherichia coli J5 (Rc)

Media and reagents:

… Ultrapure LPS was from List Biological Laboratories. …

Western blot:

For detection of inammasome components, HMDMs were stimulated with 10 ng/ml LPS for 6 h, and 1 mM ATP was added for the last 1 h of stimulation. For detection of IL-1b, HMDMs were stimulated with LPS for 18 h, and ATP was added during the last 3 h of LPS stimulation. …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

… LPS was obtained from List Biological Labs. …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

… Blood samples were treated with either LPS (E. coli O111:B4; List Biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA, USA) or vehicle. …

• Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

Treatment of Mice with LPS and MALP2:

MALP2 and LPS (LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4) were purchased from Alexis Biochemicals (Enzo Life Sciences, Inc., Plymouth Meeting, PA) and List Biologicals (Burlington, Ontario, Canada), respectively. MALP2 (5 g) was dissolved in 200 L of saline and intraperitoneally injected into wild-type and TLR2-/- mice. For the corresponding LPS experiment, 200 L of saline containing 0.5 mg of LPS/kg mouse were administered in wild-type and TLR4-/- mice. Control mice received 200 L of saline ip.

• Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4