Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Histology:

… Every third section of cortex was processed for cytochrome oxidase (CO; Wong-Riley, 1979b), to reveal the V1V2 border and the CO-dense stripes of V2, and another series of every third section was processed for CTB by using an antibody and the histological procedures described in Bruce and Grovfova (1992). See Table 2 for the CTB antibody source. The CTB antibody failed to stain cells in tissue from animals without CTB injections. A third series was processed for myelin, or set aside. Every third section of the thalamus was processed for CO to help determine lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and pulvinar borders. A second series of every third sections was processed for CTB, and the third series was set aside.

… Table 2. Antibody Used in This Study. Antigen, Immunogen, Manufacturer, Dilution. Cholera toxin subunit B (CTB), Purified CTB isolated from Vibrio cholerae, List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA), goat polyclonal #703, 1:5,000. …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

EAE:

… Mice received iv injection of 200 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) on days 0 and 2 post immunization (pi). Mice were weighed and evaluated for neurological disability daily. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Animal procedures:

Adult BALB/c WT mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME). Ad5 vectors were injected intramuscularly (IM, into the tibialis anterior of the right hindlimb, total volume 25 l) into 8 weeks old male mice after performing proper anesthesia with isofluorane. A total of 1 10¹⁰ vp per mouse was administered IM. Number of animals used for each experiment is specified on corresponding figure legend. Toxin A challenge experiments were performed at 14 dpi as previously described [14] by injecting 300 ng of freshly reconstituted toxin A (List Biological Laboratories Inc., Campbell, CA …

• Product #152C – Toxin A from Clostridium difficile

Spinal cord and brainstem:

… Alternating horizontal sections were reacted for cytochrome oxidase, enabling clear demarcation of the gray and white matter. The other sections were incubated with primary goat anti-CTB (1:4,000) (#703; List Biological Laboratories) diluted in Tris-buffered saline containing 0.25% (vol/vol) Triton X-100 (Sigma) and 2.5% (vol/vol) normal rabbit serum (Millipore) to visualize the forelimb primary afferents and terminal fields. The brainstem was separated, blocked, and left in …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Cell culture assays:

… Ultra Pure lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli serotype O111:B4 was obtained from List Biological Laboratories (# 421, List Biological Laboratories, INC., Campbell, CA, USA). …

• Product #421 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

Epicutaneous Immunization.

Immunization was typically on the ear skin, without prior treatment. In some experiments (specified in the text) the flank skin was used, in which case mice were shaved (under anesthetic) at least 2 d before immunization (16). Immunization followed the scheme described in SI Appendix, Fig. S1. Briefly, mice were anesthetized and the skin site hydrated with water (15 min), then OVA protein (500 μg in 25 μL of PBS; Sigma-Aldrich) applied topically for 20 min. After washing with water and air drying, the indicated adjuvants were applied to the same site for 20 min. Unless otherwise indicated, the following doses of adjuvants were used: CT (List Biological Laboratories), 100 μg; CpG 1826 (Invivogen) 500 μg; Poly I:C (Amersham) 200 μg; LPS (Sigma) 10 μg; and imiquimod (3M) 50 μL of 1% cream. The immunization site was extensively washed with water and allowed to dry before the animals recovered. In the case of recombinant CT and CT(mut) used for the OVA–CT fusion studies, 10 μg of CT [or CT(mut)] was used. For sortase fused OVA–CT/CT(mut), the immunization involved a single application step. In titration experiments we found similar adjuvant effects using either 10 or 100 μg of commercial CT for EPI on ear skin, but for experimental consistency data with 100 μg CT are shown throughout. The control mice received PBS in place of antigen or adjuvants, as indicated.

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

… For direct ELISA analysis of the peptide binding affinity to a recombinant PA protein, 83 kDa PA (PA 83 ; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) was labeled directly with 44 kDa horseradish peroxidase enzyme (HRP) using EZ-Link plus activated peroxidase …

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Molecular weight markers (MW) are indicated to the left of the image. The arrow points to the migration of the standard (STD) loaded at 100 ng (TcdB, List Biologicals).

• Product #155A – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile

… BoNT/A was purchased from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA, USA). …

High K⁺-evoked overflow:

… Synaptosomes were then stimulated with KCl (25 mmol/L or 65 mmol/L). The high K⁺-solutions were prepared by substituting NaCl for equal amounts of KCl to maintain isotonicity. Eight hundred l samples of superfusate were collected at 1, 2, 5 or 10 minutes of superfusion in ice-cold Eppendorf tubes. In some experiments synaptosomes were incubated with 300 nmol/L BoNT/A for 2 hours at 37°C and then high K⁺ overflow experiments were performed. …

Sensitization and Challenge of Mice

Five-week-old C3H/HeJ mice were sensitized orally with 1 mg of native β-LG in 0.2 M bicarbonate buffer containing 20 μg of cholera toxin (List Biologicals, Campbell, CA) on d 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 by gavage. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae