Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Active EAE

Active EAE (aEAE) was induced in 8–12 weeks old female WT C57BL/6 J using the MOGaa35-55-peptide as previously described63,65. Pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, US) (300 ng in 100 μl PBS/mouse) was applied intraperitoneal (i.p.) on day 0 (immunization day) and day 2 post-immunization. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Intragastric model of sensitization

Mice were sensitized with either 3.75 mg All-Natural Smooth Peanut Butter (Kraft Heinz, Northfield, USA), 1 mg ovalbumin (OVA) (MilliporeSigma, A5378), or 1 mg 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl (NP)-OVA (LGC Biosearch Technologies, N-5051-100) by oral gavage with 5 μg cholera toxin (List Biological Labs, 100B) in 0.5 ml PBS. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

2.2. General session procedures

We performed all LPS-related procedures as described previously (Jansen et al., 2022). We tested three participants simultaneously in one room at the Medium Care Unit of Radboudumc. Sixty to 90 min before LPS administration, we placed a radial artery catheter and antebrachial venous cannula to allow serial blood sampling, hemodynamic monitoring, and administration of fluids and LPS, respectively and these stayed in during the remaining of the test-day. In the 45 min prior to LPS administration, we administered hydration fluids (2.5% glucose / 0.45% sodium chloride) as a 1.5L prehydration bolus to reduce the risk of vasovagal collapse(van Eijk et al., 2004), and thereafter at a rate of 150 mL/h for the remainder of the experiment. Directly after prehydration, we administered a bodyweight-adjusted bolus dose of 1 ng/kg LPS (E. Coli-derived, Type O113, lot no. 94332B1; List Biological Laboratories) intravenously. Behavioural testing took place at three timepoints: 45 min before injection (S1), 2 h post injection (S2) and 5 h post injection (S3). Timing was based on previous studies showing that sickness symptoms and cytokines peak 1.5–2 h after LPS administration and are largely normalized 5 post-LPS administration (Kox et al., 2015, Leentjens et al., 2012). At S2, participants were able to perform behavioural tasks while cytokine levels and fatigue are still high (Draper et al., 2018). Participants filled out mood questionnaires each hour after LPS administration. Furthermore, we obtained blood samples at various timepoints prior to and following LPS administration (see below). …

• Product #9433 – GMP LPS Lipopolysaccharide List™ Hpt™ From Escherichia Coli Type O113

… For cell-type specific ablations, diphtheria toxin (30 ng/g of mouse; List Biological Laboratories, Inc.) was injected intraperitoneally at P12 for PC-X and PC-eX animals …

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

… Microspheres were then incubated with 6.25 µg of PT, FHA, PRN (List Labs), or TT (Calbiochem®) for 2 h at RT in the dark …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

• Product #187 – Pertactin from B. pertussis (69 kDa Protein)

EAE Induction and Ivermectin Treatment

The EAE model was induced, as described previously [18]. Briefly, mice were immunized subcutaneously in the flanks with 200 μg of the MOG35–55 peptide emulsified in 200 μL of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), followed by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) of 200 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) on days 0 and 2. Mice were administered with ivermectin (MCE LLC, Shanghai, China) (mixed with 1% carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution) at doses of 0, 2, or 10 mg/kg per os (p.o.) once every 2 days from day 0 until euthanasia after EAE induction. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Diphtheria toxin (DT) administration

Diphtheria toxin (DT) powder was purchased from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA, USA) and dissolved in 0.9% sterile saline at 2 mg/ml of stock concentration and stored at −20◦C.
Stock DT solution was further diluted into 1 µg/ml of working concentration before use. Neonatal mice received a single dose of either DT injection at the dosage of 5 ng/g body weight or 0.9% saline injection at P5 or P14 (Tong et al., 2015). The injection was made in the thigh muscle of the right hind leg. Following either saline or DT injection, mice were allowed to survive to the age of P27–35 before tissue collection.

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

… Mice were treated with 500 ng pertussis toxin intraperitoneally on 0d and 2d post immunization (dpi) (List Biological, USA) …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Serological responses specific to B. pertussis antigens were quantified by ELISA. High-binding microtiter plates were coated with PT (50 ng/well) (PT#180, LIST Biologicals), FHA (50 ng/well) (Enzo Life Sciences), or PRN (50 ng/well) (PRN#187, LIST Biologicals) as described in Boehm et al (52). …

• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer

2.2. Immunization

Mice were immunized with 200 or 400 μg of AQP4 p201–220 peptide TFA salt (synthesized by Peptide Institute, Inc., Osaka, Japan) emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), which was made by supplementation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis extract H37Ra (231141; BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) to incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (263910; BD). A total of 100 μL of CFA was injected intradermally at 15 sites from the base of the tail to the back on Day 0. In addition, mice received 300 or 500 ng pertussis toxin (181; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) intravenously on Day 0 and intraperitoneally on Day 2. In the experiments establishing AQP4 peptide-immunized mice, we used 400 μg of AQP4 peptide; in the experiments evaluating the effects of IL-6 signal inhibition, we used 200 μg of AQP4 peptide to avoid problems such as death or skin ulcers during the experiment. Control mice were treated with complete Freund’s adjuvant and saline alone.

• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)