Citation

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Biofilm exopolysaccharides alter sensory-neuron-mediated sickness during lung infection

Granton, E;Brown, L;Defaye, M;Moazen, P;Almblad, H;Randall, TE;Rich, JD;Geppert, A;Abdullah, NS;Hassanabad, MF;Hiroki, CH;Farias, R;Nguyen, AP;Schubert, C;Lou, Y;Andonegui, G;Iftinca, M;Raju, D;Vargas, MA;Howell, PL;Füzesi, T;Bains, J;Kurrasch, D;Harrison, JJ;Altier, C;Yipp, BG;

Infections of the lung cause observable sickness thought to be secondary to inflammation. Signs of sickness are crucial to alert others via behavioral-immune responses to limit contact with contagious individuals. Gram-negative bacteria produce exopolysaccharide (EPS) that provides microbial protection; however, the impact of EPS on sickness remains uncertain. Using genome-engineered Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains, we compared EPS-producers versus non-producers and a virulent Escherichia coli (E. coli) lung infection model in male and female mice. EPS-negative P. aeruginosa and virulent E. coli infection caused severe sickness, behavioral alterations, inflammation, and hypothermia mediated by TLR4 detection of the exposed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in lung TRPV1+ sensory neurons. However, inflammation did not account for sickness. Stimulation of lung nociceptors induced acute stress responses in the paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei by activating corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons responsible for sickness behavior and hypothermia. Thus, EPS-producing biofilm pathogens evade initiating a lung-brain sensory neuronal response that results in sickness.