Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

In vitro insulin secretion assay

… Mouse NMU was used in experiments with mouse islets and MIN6-K8 cells, and human NMU in experiments with human islets. MIN6-K8 cells or islets were pre-incubated with Bordetella pertussis toxin (PTX) (100 ng/mL, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) overnight, and islets were pre-incubated with YM254890 (1 μM, Wako) for 10 min before use. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Induction of EAE and Measurement of the Neurologic Symptoms

Mice were injected subcutaneously with 200 μg of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 peptide (GenScript, Nanjing, China). The injection was prepared by mixing MOG35-55 in complete Freund’s adjuvant (Difco, Detroit, MI, USA) containing 500 μg of nonviable desiccated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Difco) into the hind flank. Mice received 200 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological, Campbell, CA, USA) intraperitoneally on the day of the injection and 2 d later. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

The following reagents and concentrations were used in experiments: … 100 ng/ml Ultra-Pure LPS (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, Calif) …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.
List Labs provides the following LPS products: https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

… For the resistance screen, … diphtheria toxin (List Labs) (Supplementary Information) …

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

2.3. Experimental human endotoxemia

Subjects were admitted twice to the intensive care research unit of the Radboud university medical center in Nijmegen, The Netherlands, to receive both LPS challenges. All subjects underwent the same procedures on both hospitalization days which were 7 days apart. One day prior to both admissions, subjects needed to refrain from alcohol and caffeine, and no food or drinks were allowed from 10 hours before start of the challenge days. After admission, an intravenous cannula was inserted in the antebrachial vein to administrate fluids and LPS. A radial artery catheter was placed to withdraw blood and monitor blood pressure continuously. One hour before the challenge, 1.5 L prehydration fluid (2.5% Glucose/0.45% NaCl) was administered. Subsequently, a bolus of 2 ng/kg LPS (E. coli type O113, Lot no. 94332B1; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, USA) was administered intravenously and similar hydration fluid was continued at an infusion rate of 150 mL/h for 8 hours. Heart rate was monitored using a 4-lead electrocardiogram (M50 Monitor, Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) and intra-arterial blood pressure was measured with a pressure transducer (Edward Lifesciences, Irvine, USA). Every 30 minutes, we measured core temperature with a tympanic thermometer (FirstTemp Genius 2, Covidien, Dublin, Ireland) and LPS-induced symptoms (headache, nausea, cold shivers, muscle- and back pain) were scored using a numeric six-point scale (0 = no symptoms, 5 = worst symptoms experienced ever). The sum of these scores in addition of 3 points in case of vomiting, resulted in a total symptom score ranging from 0 to 28. Blood was withdrawn before prehydration (T = -60 minutes), just before LPS administration (T = 0 minutes), and respectively 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 360 and 480 minutes after the LPS bolus. Plasma cytokine concentrations (tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and IL-1RA (receptor antagonist)) were determined batchwise using a simultaneous luminex assay (Milliplex, Millipore, Billerica, USA).

• Product #9433 – GMP LPS Lipopolysaccharide List™ Hpt™ From Escherichia Coli Type O113

C. difficile Toxin B (TcdB) List Biological Laboratories Cat#155A

Exposure Chemical Solutions

… Stocks of ultrapure LPS (Escherichia coli O111:B4; #421; Lot #4217A1; 2.6 EU/ng; List Biologicals) were sonicated in PBS, adenosine 5′-triphosphate disodium salt hydrate (ATP; 100 mM, A46419; Sigma-Aldridge), suspended in sterile dH2O, and stored at −20°C. …

• Product #421 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

2.2. Immunization and clinical scoring

Active immunization of 10-week-old mice was performed following standard protocols for each strain (Cruz-Orengo et al., 2011, 2014) (Fig. 1). Briefly, EAE was induced by subcutaneous injection of myelin emulsion containing Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA). B6 mice received 50 ​μg msMOGp35-55 (GenScript, Piscataway, NJ) with 500 ​μg Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Ra peptide (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI), and SJL mice were immunized with 150 ​μg msPLPp139-151 (GenScript, Piscataway, NJ) with 200 ​μg Mtb. Total emulsion volume per mouse was 100 ​μl, equally distributed at four injection sites at the shoulder blades and flanks, ~25 ​μl per site. On the day of immunization, and again 2 days post-immunization (dpi), mice received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of pertussis toxin (PTX, List Biological Laboratories, Inc, Campbell CA) in 0.9% NaCl injectable saline; 300 ​ng and 200 ​ng for B6 and SJL, respectively. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Preparation of C. difficile toxins

Purified C. difficile TcdA (#153) and TcdB (#154A), as well as the components of CDT, CDTa (#157A), and CDTb (#158A), were procured from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. …

Author provided incorrect List Labs product #’s; refer to the following corrected product #’s:

• Product #152C – Toxin A from Clostridium difficile
• Product #155 – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile
• Product #753A – Anti-Clostridium difficile Toxin A (Chicken lgY)
• Product #754A – Anti-Clostridium difficile Toxin B (Chicken lgY)

… Additional intratracheal treatments included lipopolysaccharide (LPS, List Labs), …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.
List Labs provides the following LPS products: https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/