Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

2.5. Mice and EAE Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE)

MBP-TCR/DR2a Tg mice were immunized s.c. with 200 μg of SLPA in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI, USA) on day 0 and 200 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biologicals, St. Louis, MO, USA) was administered i.p. on days 0 and 2 for the induction of EAE. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Local delivery of compounds or viral particles on the sciatic nerve

For local compound delivery, 2.5 µl of each compound or its corresponding vehicle (saline or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) were slowly poured onto the nerve with a pipette to avoid damage on the nerve and allowed to penetrate the tissue for several minutes prior performing the injury or the sham procedure before suturing the wound. For retrograde tracing and transport and experiments, 3 µl of Dextran-584 (Life Technology) or 1% CTB (List Biological Laboratories) were injected into the nerve prior to dorsal column axotomy or sciatic nerve crush. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Pertussis toxin administration

Pertussis toxin (List Biological laboratories, Campbell, CA) was dissolved in distilled-deionized water
(DDW) followed by dilution with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) under sterile conditions. And PT was
administrated intraperitoneally at a dosage of 250 ng or 500 ng (1ng/ml) per mouse immediately after
surgery. The same volume PBS was given in the vehicle group.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

2.1. Materials

… Mono-phosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and di-phosphoryl lipid A (DPLA), both derived from Salmonella minnesota R595, were purchased from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA, USA, product #401 and product #304, respectively). …

2.2. In Vitro Studies: Effects of Mono- and Di-Phosphoryl Lipid A on Macrophages and Hepatic Stellate Cells

We examined the effects of wild-type LPS (which served as positive control), di-phosphoryl lipid A, and mono-phosphoryl lipid A on mouse RAW264.7 macrophages (ECACC, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK) and in cultures of primary rat hepatic stellate cells (rHSCs), isolated from normal rat livers. rHSC (200,000 cells/mL) or RAW cells (100,000 cells/mL) were incubated for 24 h with wild-type LPS from E. coli (100 ng/mL) or DPLA (100 ng/mL) or MPLA (100 ng/mL), both from S. minnesota R595. …

• Product #304 – LPS from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re)
• Product #401 – LIPID A monophosphoryl from Salmonella minnesota R595

… Seven days later disease was induced (day 0) by administering … 200 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories), given twice on consecutive days. The health of the animals was recorded for 1 month. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Immortalized human bronchial epithelial (HBE1) cells were maintained in DMEM/F12 media (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) supplemented with 1 ng/ml cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Reagents

… Ultra-pure lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was purchased from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA). …

Mouse cell culture

… To polarize BMDM, the culture media was first replaced with DMEM/F12, 10% heat-inactivated FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin G sodium, 100 μg/ml streptomycin sulfate, and 10 mM HEPES, and cells were incubated for 7 to 24 h. 100 U/ml IFNγ (Shenandoah Biotechnology Inc., Warwick, PA) and 100 ng/ml ultra- pure lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were added to polarize toward an M1 (inflammatory or classically activated) phenotype, and 10 ng/ml IL-4 (Shenendoah Biotechnology Inc.) was added to polarize toward an M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotype. The cells were incubated overnight. In some experiments, polarization was confirmed by western blot for iNOS (M1) or Arginase 1 (M2), data not shown.

Author did not specify which List Labs Ultra Pure LPS was utilized.
List Labs provides the following Ultra Pure LPS:

• Product #421 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4
• Product #423 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5
• Product #434 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re)

Vaccine Composition.

Vaccine antigens (1.25 µg of genetically detoxified pertussis toxin (gPT) (LIST Biologicals, #184), 1.25 µg of filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) (Enzo Life Sciences), and 0.8 µg of pertactin (PRN) (LIST Biologicals, #187)) were diluted with endotoxin-free Dulbecco’s PBS (Millipore Sigma) to make the base vaccine (aP). The mock-vaccine (MV) for this study was the vaccine diluent, endotoxin-free Dulbecco’s PBS (Millipore Sigma). The endotoxin content of the antigens was measured by the Limulus amebocyte test (PierceTM LAL …

• Product #184 – Pertussis Toxin Mutant
• Product #187 – Pertactin from B. pertussis (69 kDa Protein)

… We injected CTb (List Biological Laboratories) into the DLS. We injected 80 nl of 1% CTb unilaterally into the DLS over 4 min with the needle left in place for an additional 2 min (Li et al., 2018a) …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Induction, treatment, and clinical evaluation of EAE

… Mice were anaesthetized with isourane and 120 μl of emulsion was injected subcutaneously on each flank (200 μl total/mouse) on day 0. In addition, 500 μl of pertussis toxin (1μg.ml -1; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was injected into the tail vein on days 0 and 2. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)