Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

… The following oligosaccharides were used: … C. difficile toxin A was purchased from List Biological Laboratories. …

Transepithelial Electrical Resistance Measurements and Cell Integrity
T84 cells on Transwell inserts were cultured overnight in DMEM/F-12 Ham medium containing 2mM L-glutamine. The apical media was replaced with test sample and incubated for 2 h at 37 °C after which C. difficile toxin A was added to 10–100 ng/mL. During each experiment duplicate inserts were used for each condition. Variations in toxin specific activity precluded the use of a constant amount. Therefore, concentrations of the toxin were added to T84 cells such that after approximately 20 h of incubation under control conditions only 20% of baseline TEER remained. Experimental T84 responses were normalized to responses in the presence of media alone (0% protection) and MRS at 20% (v/v) (100% protection) as a reference positive control. MRS was previously shown to have protective properties against cell damage caused by toxin A (30). …

• Product #152C – Toxin A from Clostridium difficile

SM22α-hDTR mice

All animal studies were undertaken under UK Home Office licensing and approved by the Animal Welfare Ethical Review Body of the University of Cambridge. C57BL6/J SM22α-hDTR mice were generated and genotyped as previously described [13]. Male and female SM22α-hDTR mice and wild type littermates were treated as indicated with intraperitoneal doses of 5 ng/g body weight diphtheria toxin (LIST biological laboratories, 150) diluted in 0.9% saline and 0.2% BSA.

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Antibodies used in this study

… CTb, Goat, 703, 1:1000, List Biological.

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Generation of EAE

Before the induction of EAE, all mice were kept in the same environment for at least 10 days to reduce microbiome differences. For MOG35-55 peptide immunization, mice were lightly anesthetized with isoflurane and subcutaneously (s.c.) immunized with 0.2 mg MOG35-55 peptide (MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK, Bio-synthesis) in 0.1 ml PBS plus 0.1 ml complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) (Thermo-Fisher) supplemented with 0.4 mg M. tuberculosis H37 Ra (BD). On day 0 and 2 post immunization, mice were intravenously (i.v.) injected with 0.2 μg Pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories) in 0.2 ml PBS. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Egg allergy model of mice

Female, 3-week-old C3H/HeJ mice were sensitized by intragastric administration of 1 mg of ovomucoid (OM; Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) with 10 µg of cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) as an adjuvant weekly for 6 weeks. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

EAE induction

Female C57BL/6 mice (Jackson Laboratories, 6–8 weeks of age) were immunized for chronic progressive EAE as described31 with 200 µg of MOG35-55 peptide (MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK; Stanford Pan Facility, Stanford, CA) in incomplete Freund adjuvant boosted with 4 mg/mL Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Ra, now complete Freund adjuvant [CFA]), whereas control or sham-immunized mice were immunized with CFA only. All mice received pertussis toxin (List Biologicals, Campbell, CA) intraperitoneally that day and 2 days later.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Surgery/microinjections

… For retrograde tracing, we used cholera toxin subunit b (CTb) (List Biological, Campbell, California; 0.1% in saline) (n = 4 mice). …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Neural tracing

In this study, a neural tracer, cholera toxin, subunit B (CTB), was injected into either the bladder body, bladder trigone, urethra or rectum in order to label sensory and autonomic neurons that innervate these regions. General anaesthesia was induced in animals using isoflurane (3% in oxygen for induction and 1.5%–2% for maintenance of anaesthesia). Pre‐emptive analgesia was induced by subcutaneous injection of 0.05 mg/kg buprenorphine (Temgesic; Reckitt Benckiser, Hull, UK). A midline incision was made in the lower abdomen and overlying organs displaced. CTB (0.3% w/v in sterile water; List Biolabs, Campbell, CA, USA) was microinjected using a Neuros 5‐µL syringe equipped with a 33‐G needle (65460‐03; Hamilton Co., Reno, NV, USA). …

Table 1. Primary antibodies

CTB Goat 1:10 000 703 List Biological Laboratories; Campbell, CA, USA

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt
• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

… Viable cells harvested on day 9 or 10 post stimulation were administered to nave A-J mice (3.04.0 107 cells-animal) intravenously that were primed with LPS on day -4 and day 0 (25 ?g-animal) (Basavalingappa et al., 2016; Hamada et al., 2004; Massilamany et al., 2016). Each animal also received pertussis toxin (PT, 100 ng; List Biologicals, Campbell, CA) on day 0 and 2 post-transfer (Agarwal et al., 2002; Fujimoto et al., 2006; Massilamany et al., 2011d) …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Pertussis toxin List Biologicals Cat# 179A …

• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)