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4784 citations found

Dorsal and Ventral Parts of Thalamic Nucleus Submedius Project to Different Areas of Rat Orbitofrontal Cortex: A Single Neuron-Tracing Study Using Virus Vectors

Kuramoto, E;Iwai, H;Yamanaka, A;Ohno, S;Seki, H;Tanaka, YR;Furuta, T;Hioki, H;Goto, T;

Product: Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Product: Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer

JunB promotes Th17 cell identity and restrains alternative CD4(+) T-cell programs during inflammation

Carr, TM;Wheaton, JD;Houtz, GM;Ciofani, M;

Product: Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer

Product: Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence

  • Materials and Methods

    Anthrax lethal factor (Product #169), and the chicken IgY polyclonal anti-LF antibody (Product # 769A) are products
    of List Biological Laboratories, Inc.
    The C8 Starwell Maxi Nunc-Immuno Module Plates (cat# 441653) used for LF
    antibody coating and the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (cat # TS-20684) were purchased from ThermoScientific. The
    96-well, black, flat bottom, non binding plates used for the fluorescent plate assay were from Corning (cat # 3991).
    Bovine plasma (cat # 7310806) was purchased from Lampire Biological Laboratories.

    Sample Preparation: Stock solutions of the fluorogenic substrate, MAPKKide® Plus, were 1.25 mM in DMSO
    based on the peptide content determined by elemental analysis. The substrate was diluted in assay buffer:
    20 mM HEPES, pH 8.0 containing 0.1% Tween-20. For the microplate assays, the LF was dissolved in neat bovine
    plasma and diluted 1:10 in assay buffer. For the HPLC assays, the LF was added to neat bovine plasma and not
    diluted.

    LF Activity Assays:

    Microplate reader: Assays were performed on a SPECTRAmax GEMINI XS fluorescence microplate reader
    (Molecular Devices). The cleavage reaction was initiated by addition of the substrate, MAPKKide® Plus. The
    concentration was optimized to minimize background fluorescence while maintaining measureable cleavage. For
    all experiments the time-dependent increase in fluorescence was monitored at 37°C hourly for 5 or 6 hours followed
    by an additional 18 to 18.5 hr overnight incubation at ambient temperature. The excitation wavelength was set to
    368 nm and emission to 452 nm with a cutoff filter at 435 nm.

    HPLC: The C8 Starwell Maxi Nunc-Immuno Module Plates were coated with 150 μl of a 10 μg/ml solution of
    a chicken affinity purified polyclonal IgY antibody to anthrax lethal factor (List Prod # 769A). Plates were incubated
    with the IgY overnight at 2-8°C and washed three times with 0.1M Glycine-HCl, pH 2.5. This wash was included to
    liberate residual LF retained after the affinity purification of the antibody and was necessary to minimize the background. After 6 washes with PBS containing 0.05% TWEEN-20 (PBST), the anti-LF coated wells were exposed to
    300 μl of a series of LF concentrations in neat plasma. The plates were incubated at 22°C for 2 hours. Plates were
    then washed 6 times with PBST and 250 μl of 1.25 μM MAPKKide® Plus was added. The reaction was allowed to
    proceed for 2, 3.5, and 5 hours at 37°C and overnight at ambient temperature. At each time point 200 μl of the
    reaction mixture was removed from replicate wells and placed in HPLC sample vials.

    HPLC was performed using a Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 reverse phase column, 4.6 x 150 mm (Agilent) and a guard
    column containing the same resin in a Varian ProStar HPLC system (Agilent). Solvent A was 0.1% TFA in water and
    solvent B was 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile. The 16 minute HPLC method was as follows: 25% B for 0.75 minutes;
    25 to 45% B in 4.75 minutes; 45 to 100% B in 0.75 minutes; 100% B for 3.75 minutes; 100 to 25%B in 0.67 minutes
    and 5.34 minute equilibration with 25% B. The column effluent was monitored using an Hitachi fluorescence detector
    with excitation set to 350 nm and emission at 450 nm to detect the free coumarin fluorophore cleaved from
    MAPKKide® Plus. The injection volume was 20 µl. The 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) peak retention time
    was 4.8 minutes.

    Product #169L – Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence
    Product #769B – Anti-Lethal Factor from B. anthracis (Chicken lgY)
    Product #532 – MAPKKide® Plus (AMC) Specific Substrate for Anthrax Lethal Factor

Product: Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence

  • Materials and Methods

    Anthrax lethal factor (Product #169), and the chicken IgY polyclonal anti-LF antibody (Product # 769A) are products
    of List Biological Laboratories, Inc.
    The C8 Starwell Maxi Nunc-Immuno Module Plates (cat# 441653) used for LF
    antibody coating and the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (cat # TS-20684) were purchased from ThermoScientific. The
    96-well, black, flat bottom, non binding plates used for the fluorescent plate assay were from Corning (cat # 3991).
    Bovine plasma (cat # 7310806) and sheep plasma (cat# 7319006) were purchased from Lampire Biological
    Laboratories. The milk (2% Lucerne) came from the local market.

    Sample Preparation: Stock solutions of the fluorogenic substrate, MAPKKide® Plus, were 1.25 mM in DMSO
    based on the peptide content determined by elemental analysis. The substrate was diluted in assay buffer:
    20 mM HEPES, pH 8.0 containing 0.1% Tween-20. For the microplate assays, the LF was dissolved in neat bovine
    plasma and diluted 1:10 in assay buffer. For the HPLC assays, the LF was added to neat bovine, sheep plasma or
    2% milk without dilution.

    LF Activity Assays:
    Microplate reader: Assays were performed on a SPECTRAmax GEMINI XS fluorescence microplate reader
    (Molecular Devices). The cleavage reaction was initiated by addition of the substrate, MAPKKide® Plus. The
    concentration was optimized to minimize background fluorescence while maintaining measureable cleavage. For
    all experiments the time-dependent increase in fluorescence was monitored at 37°C hourly for 5 or 6 hours followed
    by an additional 18 to 18.5 hr overnight incubation at ambient temperature. The excitation wavelength was set to
    368 nm and emission to 452 nm with a cutoff filter at 435 nm.

    HPLC: The C8 Starwell Maxi Nunc-Immuno Module Plates were coated with 150 μl of a 10 μg/ml solution of
    a chicken affinity purified polyclonal IgY antibody to anthrax lethal factor (List Prod # 769A). Plates were incubated
    with the IgY overnight at 2-8°C and washed three times with 0.1M Glycine-HCl, pH 2.5. This wash was included to
    liberate residual LF retained after the affinity purification of the antibody and was necessary to minimize the background. After 6 washes with PBS containing 0.05% TWEEN-20 (PBST), the anti-LF coated wells were exposed to
    300 μl of a series of LF concentrations in neat plasma. The plates were incubated at 22°C for 2 hours. Plates were
    then washed 6 times with PBST and 250 μl of 1.25 μM MAPKKide® Plus was added. The reaction was allowed to
    proceed for 2, 3.5, and 5 hours at 37°C and overnight at ambient temperature. At each time point 200 μl of the
    reaction mixture was removed from replicate wells and placed in HPLC sample vials.

    HPLC was performed using a Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 reverse phase column, 4.6 x 150 mm (Agilent) and a guard
    column containing the same resin in a Varian ProStar HPLC system (Agilent). Solvent A was 0.1% TFA in water and
    solvent B was 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile. The 16 minute HPLC method was as follows: 25% B for 0.75 minutes;
    25 to 45% B in 4.75 minutes; 45 to 100% B in 0.75 minutes; 100% B for 3.75 minutes; 100 to 25%B in 0.67 minutes
    and 5.34 minute equilibration with 25% B. The column effluent was monitored using an Hitachi fluorescence detector
    with excitation set to 350 nm and emission at 450 nm to detect the free fluorophore cleaved from MAPKKide® Plus.
    The injection volume was 20 µl. The 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) peak retention time was 4.8 minutes.

    Product #169L – Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence
    Product #769B – Anti-Lethal Factor from B. anthracis (Chicken lgY)
    Product #532 – MAPKKide® Plus (AMC) Specific Substrate for Anthrax Lethal Factor

LTP at Hilar Mossy Cell-Dentate Granule Cell Synapses Modulates Dentate Gyrus Output by Increasing Excitation/Inhibition Balance

Hashimotodani, Y;Nasrallah, K;Jensen, KR;Chvez, AE;Carrera, D;Castillo, PE;

Product: Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B Light Chain, Recombinant

Regulation of autoimmune myocarditis by host responses to the microbiome

Barin, JG;Talor, MV;Diny, NL;Ong, S;Schaub, JA;Gebremariam, E;Bedja, D;Chen, G;Choi, HS;Hou, X;Wu, L;Cardamone, AB;Peterson, DA;Rose, NR;ihkov, D;

Product: Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer

Anti-nociceptive action of peripheral mu-opioid receptors by G-beta-gamma protein-mediated inhibition of TRPM3 channels

Dembla, S;Behrendt, M;Mohr, F;Goecke, C;Sondermann, J;Schneider, FM;Schmidt, M;Stab, J;Enzeroth, R;Leitner, MG;Nuez-Badinez, P;Schwenk, J;Nrnberg, B;Cohen, A;Philipp, SE;Greffrath, W;Bnemann, M;Oliver, D;Zakharian, E;Schmidt, M;Oberwinkler, J;

Product: Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer

T-bet-dependent NKp46(+) innate lymphoid cells regulate the onset of TH17-induced neuroinflammation.

Kwong, B;Rua, R;Gao, Y;Flickinger, J;Wang, Y;Kruhlak, MJ;Zhu, J;Vivier, E;McGavern, DB;Lazarevic, V;

Product: Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer

Helicobacter pylori and its secreted immunomodulator VacA protect against anaphylaxis in experimental models of food allergy

Kyburz, A;Urban, S;Altobelli, A;Floess, S;Huehn, J;Cover, TL;Mller, A;

Product: Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

  • For the induction of peanut extract (PE) -induced food allergy, C57BL/6 mice were sensitized orally once a week for four weeks with 2 mg PE adjuvanted with 20 µg cholera toxin (List Biologicals 101B) followed by either four oral challenges on four consecutive days with 10 mg PE (in this model, symptoms were scored after the first three challenges) or two i.p. challenges (with a two -day break) with 1 mg PE (in that case, symptoms were scored after the first challenge). …

    Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae