Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Introduction:

…This study examined the role and mechanism of HDAC8 in adaptive responses of the human monocytic THP-1 cells to LeTx-induced cell cycle arrest. We found that HDAC8 played a pivotal role in activating the PI3K-AKT signaling axis in LeTx-exposed cells through inducing histone H3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) and subsequent inhibition of PTEN expression.

Reagents:

PA and LF were purchased from the List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA, USA).

Lethal Toxin consists of Lethal Factor & Protective Antigen:

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence)

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

RESULTS – Peptides based on sequences from amino acids 1753 to 1851 of TcdB2 inhibit cytotoxicity:

…In contrast to the inhibition of TcdB1 and TcdB2, PepB2 did not block cytotoxicity of C. difficile TcdA or Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin.

Toxins and peptides:

Bacillus anthracis lethal factor, edema factor, and protective antigen were purchased from List Biological Laboratories. …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis
• Product #178 – Anthrax Edema Factor (EF), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Reagents:

…Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli O111:B4 was purchased from List Biologicals (catalog #201).

TUNEL staining:  Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated BrdUTP nick end labeling using TUNEL assay
kit (Roche, 12156792910) was performed on paraformaldehyde-fixed hCMEC/d3 cells that had
been treated with 25 g HRPII, control protein or 3 g LPS for 24 hours, as indicated in the
manufacturers instructions.

• Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

EAE:

…On days 0 and 2, 250 ng of pertussis toxin (cat. no. 180; List Biological) was administered ip Transfer EAE was induced based on previously described protocols…

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Blocking Immune Cell Egress from Tumors:

To block GPCR signaling, tumor-bearing Kaede mice were injected i.v. with 400 ng per mouse of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories) or PBS immediately before photoconversion. Mice were then killed 24 h later and photoconverted T cells were quantified in tumor-draining lymph nodes by flow cytometry.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Pertussis toxin was obtained from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA). …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Tissue preparation:

… The lumen of the jejunal segment was injected with 0.30.5 mL of either physiological saline (control), CT (12.5 μg /mL) in saline or CT with an antagonist and then tied off at each end, as described…

Drugs and toxins:

Drugs were diluted in distilled water to make stock solutions and then again in saline to the working concentration on the day of experimentation. Drugs used were …CT (12.5 μg/ml, List Biologicals, Campbell, CA), …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

IL-1 and IL-18 generation by APCs:

APC generation of IL-1 and IL-18 in response to activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro were quantified by Mouse IL-1 ELISA and Mouse IL-18 Platinum ELISA (eBioscience) [32]. In brief, WT and Cat Z^/ BMMs, and BMDCs were pre-incubated with 200 ng/ml of ultra-pure LPS from Salmonella minnesota R595 (List biological laboratories) for 3 h. …

• Product #434 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re)

EAE:

…In addition, at days 0 and 2 post immunization (pi), each mouse was intraperitoneally (ip) injected 200 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological, Campbell, CA, USA) in 0.1 ml PBS.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

…Purified Stx1 or Stx2, …, can be obtained from…or List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA). …

• Product #161 – Shiga Toxin 1 from Escherichia coli
• Product #162 – Shiga Toxin 2 from Escherichia coli