Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Oral immunization:

Aged mice with or without AMSC transfer and young adult mice were immunized three times at weekly intervals with oral doses of 1 mg of OVA (Fraction V; Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and 10 µg of CT (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) in PBS…

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Measurement of serum antibody responses of mice and hamsters:

To better standardize the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISAs) for consistency, reproducibility, and accuracy for the detection of immune responses to FliC, TcdARBD, and TcdBRBD in mice and hamster serum, we completed a checkerboard dilution series with various concentrations of mouse and hamster serum.³⁷ We coated plates with 10 ng/well, 20 ng/well, 50 ng/well, 100 ng/well, 200 ng/well, and 500 ng/well of commercially available purified TcdA, TcdB (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) …

• Product #152C – Toxin A from Clostridium difficile
• Product #155 – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile

… The light chain of botulinum neurotoxin type B (50 kDa, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was used to cleave recombinant Sb2.13 …

• Product #620A – Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B Light Chain, Recombinant

Toxin Neutralization Assay:

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Induction of EAE and Clinical Evaluation:

EAE was induced by subcutaneous injection of 100 µg MOG35-55 peptide (Prospec) emulsified with Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA, 200 µg mycobacterium), followed by intravenous injection of 100 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Inc.) on day 0 and day 2 post-immunization. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Induction and 4-MU Treatment of EAE:

All mice were administered 400 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological) intraperitoneally (i.p.) at 0 and 48 h postimmunization.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Study Animals:

Twelve healthy Quarter Horse foals were used for this study. All foals had age-appropriate results of complete blood count (CBC) on day 2 of life. Individual foals were randomly assigned to a vaccinated group, Group 1 (N = 8), or a control group, Group 2 (N = 4). Group 1 foals received 1 x 10¹¹ CFU of R. equi inactivated by 5 kGy of eBeam irradiation, adjuvanted with 100 µg of the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin B (CTB, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA), and suspended to a final volume of 100 ml in 0.9% NaCl solution by gavage on days 2, 7, and 14 of life. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Iontophoretic Tracer Injections:

For retrograde tracing, we used a 24% solution of Fluorogold (FG; Fluorochrome) in a sodium acetate buffer in nine animals. In two animals, we injected both FG and 1% cholera toxin subunit B (CTB; List Biological Laboratories) dissolved in distilled water into the IC. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Iontophoretical Injection of PHA-L or CTB:

For injection of tracers, mice were first anesthetized with chloral hydrate at a dose of 400 mg/kg. With the heads of the mice immobilized using a Stoelting stereotaxic apparatus, small holes were drilled through the skulls to form specific injection sites positioned 1.6 mm posterior to bregma, 3.3 mm lateral to midline and 4.2 mm ventral to the dura for the control mice and 1.4 mm posterior to bregma, 3.1 mm lateral to midline and 4.2 mm ventral to the dura for the epileptic mice. 10% CTB (List Biological Laboratories, CA, USA) in distilled water…

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Reagents:

… Activated BoNT/E was diluted 1:4 with fetal calf serum (Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, Missouri) and stored at 30C until use. TeNT from Clostridium tetani was purchased from List Biological Laboratories (1.5 10 7 U/mg; Campbell, California). …

Cell culture and intoxications:

In most instances, toxin was prepared at a 100final concentration in fresh medium and diluted into neuron cultures in a tissue culture glove box… Toxin concentrations used in the initial screen of 4 neuronal cultures were: …20 pM TeNT and …

• Product #190A – Tetanus Toxin from Clostridium tetani

Llama immunization and construction of VHH libraries:

C. difficile TcdA and TcdB (List Biologicals, Campbell, CA) were inactivated prior to immunizations by alkylation of the catalytic domain with UDP-2,3-dialdehyde…

Selection and screening of VHH fragments binding to toxins:

Phages were recovered from the libraries by infection with the helper phage VCS-M13 and were precipitated with polyethylene glycol as previously described… Panning of phage libraries was carried out separately on immobilized native TcdB (List Biologicals). …

Flow cytometry:

Analysis of display and binding to TcdB of cell wall-anchored VHH fragments was performed by flow cytometry as described previously (33). Binding to TcdB was carried out with TcdB (List Biologicals) biotinylated with an EZ-Link sulfo-NHS-LC-biotin kit…

In vitro neutralization assay:

Neutralization of TcdB by antitoxin VHH antibodies was analyzed on the MA-104 cell line (34), which has previously been characterized for sensitivity to C. difficile TcdA and TcdB (35). TcdA and TcdB (List Biologicals) were titrated on the cell line before use to adjust for batch variation and were used at a level 2- to 4-fold higher than the killing dose unless otherwise stated. …

• Product #152C – Toxin A from Clostridium difficile 
• Product #155 – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile