Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

DT and clodronate liposome injections:

DT (lot number 15043A1, diluted in PBS; List Biological Laboratories) was administered via i.p. injection on day 22 (50 mg/kg mouse) and day 21 (15 mg/kg) of the priming period prior to i.t. LPS as described previously (39). Mice harvested on day +5 also received a DT dose (15 mg/kg) on day +2 after i.t. LPS. Clodronate liposomes (Cl2MDP) or PBS liposomes (control) were prepared as previously described (8), followed by o.p. instillation (60 ml) on day 23, and i.p. injection (500 ml) on days 22 and 21 of the priming period.

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Retrogrde Tracing:

Retrograde labeling of graft neurons extending axons to caudal spinal cord segments was conducted by injecting 1 µl CTB (1% solution; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, California) into bilateral C6/7 spinal gray matter in four Fischer 344 rats that had undergone C4-CST lesions and grafts of NPCs into the lesion site. CTB was injected 6 weeks after lesion and grafting, and animals were perfused 3 d later.

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

… Cells with the addition of only anti-CD28, anti-CD49d served as a negative control (medium), while cells added with staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin B (SEB, List Biological Labs, CA) at 2 g/ml served as a positive control. …

Anthrax LeTx Forming Assay (TFA):

A mouse macrophage cell line (J774A.1 cells, ATCC TIB-67, Manassas, VA) were plated in 96-well flat-bottomed tissue culture plates at 2.5×10⁴ cells/well in 50 L and incubated for 1619 hours at 37C with 5% CO₂. pp-PA83 variants were titrated on the plated cells in the presence or absence of LF (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA).

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

… Recombinant, nicked anthrax protein PA63 from B. anthracis for the bilayer experiments was obtained from List Biological Laboratories Inc., Campbell, CA. …

• Product #174 – Anthrax Protective Antigen, Activated (PA 63) from B. anthracis

…8 BoNT/A-LC, BoNT/B-LC, and BoNT/C-LC were obtained from List Biological Labs, Inc. (CA, USA). …

• Product #610A – Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Light Chain, Recombinant
• Product #620A – Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B Light Chain, Recombinant
• Product #625A – Botulinum Neurotoxin Type C Light Chain, Recombinant

EAE:

… 200 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Lab, Epsom, England) was given intraperitoneally (ip) on days 0 and 2 post inoculation (pi). Mice were scored daily for clinical signs …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

…Each mouse was immunized with a subcutaneous injection of 20 l MOG 35-55 /CFA emulsion and an intraperitoneally injection of 200 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) in sterile PBS. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Reagents:

Ultrapure LPS (Escherichia coli 0111:B4) was obtained from List Biological Laboratories.

TLR4 is expressed on different subsets of immune and nonimmune cells [36], and the function of TLR4 varies by cell type. For example, we have shown that TLR4 is essential to LPS uptake by hepatocytes…

• Product #421 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

Materials and Reagents:

Anthrax lethal toxins (PA and LF) and Escherichia coli O111:B4 LPS were purchased from the List Biological Laboratories.

Author did not specify which List Labs Lethal Factor was utilized.  List Labs offers Lethal Factor Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

RESULTS:

HDAC8 inhibition restores the production of pro-IL-1 in response to LPS in LeTx-exposed murine macrophages. LeTx suppresses expression of various inflammatory cytokines through inactivating MEKs (3-5). Consistent with these reports, a sub-lethal dose of LeTx (100 ng/ml PA & LF, a.a. for 4 h) completely cleaved MEK1 and inhibited expression of pro-IL-1 induced by LPS (100 ng/ml) for more than 2 days in RAW264.7 macrophages (Fig. 1A). …