Citations

Neural tracing experiments

Five wild type (WT) mice and five cPcdh-a KO mice of aged 8–10 weeks were anesthetized intraperitoneally with a mixture ofketamine (300 mg/kg; Daiichi-Sankyo, Tokyo, Japan) and xylazine(30 mg/mL; Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany). The cholera toxin bsubunit (CTb, 5 ng in 1 µL of saline; List Biological Laboratories,Campbell, CA, USA), an anterograde neural tracer, was injectedinto the left eye using a glass pipette. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt
• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

… de cada grupo foram submetidos a uma injeo intraocular de uma soluo aquosa do traador neuronal antergrado CTb (List Biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA) a 0,1% e dimetilsufxido a 10%. Os animais foram anestesiados, por via intramuscular, com quetamina …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Anterograde labelling of retinal afferents:

To identify the retinofugal projection, four days before sacrifice, 2.5 µl of the orthogradely transported tracer cholera toxin subunit beta (CTB) were intravitreally injected (1%, diluted in distilled water, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Mouse anti-CFA and anti-toxin antibody titration:

Anti-CFA/I and anti-CS1, -CS2, -CS3, -CS4/CS6, -CS5/CS6, and anti-STa and anti-LT IgG antibodies in serum of each mouse were titrated as described previously [34,3739]. Briefly, 500 ng CFA/I, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4/CS6, and CS5/CS6 heat-extracted from ETEC field isolates or recombinant E. coli strains [39] (Table 1), or 100 ng LT (List Biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA) were coated to each well of H2B plates …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Overview of experiments:

Two experiments were conducted to assess the role of the connection between the VP-m and MD and the VP-m and VTA during specific PIT. Experiment 1 aimed to investigate the neuronal activity during specific PIT of neurons in the VP-m projecting to the MD or the VTA using the neuronal activity marker c-Fos combined with retrograde tracers, Cholera toxin-b subunit (CTb, catalog #104; List Biological Laboratories)…

Histology – CTb and FG injection sites:

To locate the injection sites, sections containing the MD were stained using a goat anti-CTb antibody for visualization of the injection site…After, sections were incubated for 48 h in 4°C in a solution containing the anti-CTb antibody (1:2000, catalog #703; List Biological Laboratories),…

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt
• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

… Briefly, antigens [purified toxin A or toxin B (List Biologicals) or recombinant TcdA RBD or TcdB RBD (produced as described above)] were used to coat 96-well microtiter plates (Corning, Lowell, MA) at a concentration of 1 g/well in bicarbonate/carbonate coating buffer…

• Product #152C – Toxin A from Clostridium difficile
• Product #155 – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile

Peanut, Ara h 1, 2, 3 and 6 sensitization and challenge:

… Cholera toxin (CT) was obtained from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (CA, USA). To elicit oral sensitization to peanut proteins, 8 mice were intragastrically (i.g.) dosed by gavage with 6 mg PE or 250 µg Ara h 1, 2, 3, or 6 plus 15 µg CT per mouse for three consecutive days, and this was repeated every week for four weeks (exposure on days 0, 1, 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28). Control groups received PBS plus 15 µg CT. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Materials:

… E. coli O111 B4 derived LPS was obtained from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (Campbell, CA, USA).

Results:

Cox2 and Tnfa inhibition by antioxidants alone and in equimolar combinations. The inhibitory effects of BHTrelated compounds on LPS– or P. gingivalis-fimbria induced expression of the Cox2 or Tnfa genes in RAW264.7 cells were investigated at a non-cytotoxic concentration of 10 M using real-time PCR. LPS-induced gene expression of Cox2 was inhibited more dramatically by the BHT/BHA combination than by either antioxidant alone (Figure 2). The 1:1 BHT/BHA combination induced a 50% decrease in gene expression of Cox2. Similarly, equimolar BHT/TBP and BHA/TBP combinations inhibited the expression of Cox2weakly. LPS-induced expression of Tnfawas weakly but significantly suppressed by the 1:1 BHT/BHA combination, whereas the other antioxidant combinations had no suppressive effect (Figure 3). By contrast, fimbriainduced expression of the Cox2 gene was slightly but significantly inhibited by BHA, BHT and TBP, and by the BHA/TBP combination. The equimolar BHT/BHA and BHT/TBP combinations, particularly the former, induced a 50% decrease in the expression of Cox2(p<0.01; Figure 4). BHA, BHT, and TBP did not inhibit the expression of Tnfa mRNA induced by P. gingivalis fimbriae, whereas each combination, particularly BHT/BHA, induced a 50% decrease in the expression of TnfamRNA (p<0.01; Figure 5). These results indicate that the BHT/BHA combination exerted a strong inhibitory effect on the expression of both Cox2and TnfamRNA. Cox2 and Tnfa inhibition by different combinations of two antioxidants at different molar ratios. The results are shown in Figures 6 and 7, respectively. The inhibitory effects of the BHT/BHA combination on LPS-stimulated expression of the Cox2 and Tnfa genes were investigated using different BHA concentrations and time periods. The BHT/BHA combination at molar ratio of 1:2 and 2:1 inhibited LPS-stimulated gene expression of Cox2 more markedly than did their 1:1 combination. However, treatment with an excess of BHA, as in the 1:3 BHT/BHA combination had no inhibitory effect (Figure 6). LPS induced gene expression of Tnfa was more greatly suppressed by the 1:2 and 2:1 BHT/BHA combinations, than by the 1:1 combination (p<0.05) (Figure 7). The 1:2 and 2:1 BHT/BHA combinations induced a 50% decrease in LPS-induced gene expression of Tnfa. By contrast, treatment with excess BHA in the 1:3 BHT/BHA combination induced a more marked expression of Tnfa gene than did stimulation with P. gingivalisfimbriae alone. These results indicate that a combination of BHT/BHA at 1:2 and 2:1 molar ratios has a more effective antiinflammatory activity than that at 1:1 or of either antioxidant alone. 

Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

…Anti cholera toxin B-subunit (anti-CTb), List Biological Laboratories, Inc. #703, …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Cells and Reagents:

…Polyclonal goat antibody (#771B) against Protective Antigen (PA) was from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA) and used at 1/2000 dilution…