Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Inhibition of Rho GTPase activity:

To study cellular phenotypes independent of GTPase activation, cells were treated with either Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB) or C3 transferase to irreversibly inactivate either RhoA, Rac and Cdc42 or RhoA, respectively. Cells were treated wither with 200 ng/ml TcdB (List Biologicals) or 1 g/ml cell-permeable C3 (Cytoskeleton) for 4 hours. Attachment experiments were carried out immediately after toxin treatment.

• Product #155 – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile

Chemicals:

… cholera toxin was from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (Campbell, California, USA) …

Mouse models of cholera and intestinal fluid absorption assays

To investigate the in vivo effect of diclofenac on CT– and V. cholerae-induced intestinal fluid secretion, mice (30–35 g, ICR strain; The National Laboratory Animal Center, Salaya, Nakornpathom, Thailand) were fasted for 24 h before experiments. After anesthesia by an intraperitoneal injection of thiopenthal sodium (50 mg/kg), an abdominal incision was made and 3 closed ileal loops (2–3 cm in length) were made by ligations and then instilled with 100 µl of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or PBS containing CT (1 µg) or V. cholerae (classical O1 569B strain of V. cholerae at 107 CFU/loop). This strain of V. cholerae was used since it has been known to produce large amounts of CT and cause consistent intestinal fluid secretion in adult mouse closed-loop models [17]. Body temperature of mice was maintained at 36–37°C for the entire period of operation using heating pads. After abdominal closure by sutures, mice were intraperitoneally administered with DMSO (control) or diclofenac (30 mg/kg), and allowed to recover from anesthesia. Four hours (for experiments using CT) or 12 hours (for experiments using V. cholerae) later, mice were anesthetized again, abdomen was opened and ileal loops were removed for measurements of intestinal fluid secretion from loop weight/length ratios. Then, mice were euthanized with an injection of thiopenthal sodium (150 mg/kg). …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

… For SL administration, the HA1 protein was mixed with wild-type cholera toxin (wtCT) (List Biological Labo- ratories, Inc., USA) as adjuvant. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Generation of Abs using vaccine candidates.

… Each mouse was immunized i.n. with 50 µl of 2×10 7 PFU of inactivated PR8 mixed with 2 µg of cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA). The PR8-primed mice were then boosted by a second immunization using the same procedure. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Chemical reagents and induction of skin inflammation:

Cholera toxin was purchased from List Biological (Campbell, Calif). …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Analysis of regeneration of dorsal column fibers:

The slices were incubated for 1 hour in blocking solution ( 5% donkey serum + 0 , 3% Triton X – 100 in 0 , 1M PB ) at room temperature and overnight at 4C with goat anti-CTB (List Biological Laboratories Inc 703, 1:30000 ) in blocking solution and put 2 hours in anti-goat biotinylated IgG (Vector BA – 5000 , 1:200 ) in blocking buffer. …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Reagents and Abs:

Ultra-pure LPS (Escherichia coli 0111:B4) was obtained from List Biologicals (Campbell, CA).

Animal experimentation:

…Mice were anesthetized using a mixture of isourane and oxygen bled in at 3.5 l/min.  LPS (List Biologicals)dissolved in DNase/RNase-free distilled water (1 mg/ml) was instilled i.p. at a concentration of 1.5 or 5 mg/kg. Animals were sacriced 18 or 48 h after LPS. …

Cell isolation and treatment:

… Selected cells were then treated with LPS (100 ng/ml) for the durations described in the gure legends.
Small interfering RNA

• Product #421 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

Preparation of murine cells:

…PB cells were collected by cardiac puncture of anesthetized mice and monocytes were isolated as indicated for BM monocytes. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected by instilling 2.0mL of normal saline via a transtrancheal incision in anesthetized mice that had received an intratracheal injection of 5 g of lipopolysaccharide (from E. coli J5 (RC), List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) or normal saline 24h earlier. Mouse peritoneal macrophages were harvested from the peritoneal cavity of wild-type, NCAM/ and NRP-2/ mice 3 days after the intraperitoneal injection of 3% thioglycollate and were placed in culture for 24 h…

• Product #301 – LPS from Escherichia coli J5 (Rc)

Preparation and Use of Primary Microglial Cultures:

100 ng/mL Escherichia coli LPS (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) as a TLR4 stimulus, …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

Pharmacologic agents:

… Pertussis toxin (PTX; List Biological laboratories, Inc., CA) was dissolved in PBS and added to cells at a working concentration of 100 ng/ml 30 min before the addition of cPA or LPA. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)