Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Anterograde tracing of corneal afferent fibers:

Cholera toxin B subunit (CTb; 1% solution in 0.1 M phosphate buffer; List Biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA) was used as an anterograde tracer to identify central projections of corneal afferent fibers to the trigeminal dorsal horn (Hegarty et al. 2010;Todd et al. 2003;Aicher et al. 2013). Following FG injections, several drops of ophthalmic proparacaine hydrochloride, 5% solution (Bausch and Lomb, Tampa, FL) were placed in the left eye to reduce spontaneous eye movements and a 1% CTb solution (8 12 l) was placed on the corneal surface inside a steel ring for 30 min as previously described (Hegarty et al. 2010). Rats received a subcutaneous injection of ketoprofen (2.5 mg/kg) to reduce discomfort and were monitored during recovery from anesthesia.

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Neonatal cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts:

… Cardiac cells were starved in serum-free medium (plating medium without serum) 24 hours before treatment with 10 ng/ml IL-1 (501-RL-010, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) and 50 ng/ml TNF- (PMC3014, BioSource International, Camarillo, CA) separately and combined, and 1000 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (List laboratories, Campbell, CA) for 24 h. Cell medium was ultrafiltrated using Amicon Ultra-4 10 kDa centrifugal filter (Millipore, MA) before protein analyses.

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

Induction of EAE:

… Pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, CA) was intraperitoneally administered at a dose of 400ng on post immunization days 0 and 2. A booster injection was given on day 7 after the initial immunization.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Induction and evaluation of EAE:

Female mice, 6 to 8 weeks of age, were immunized subcutaneously in the flanks with 300 µg MOG³⁵⁵⁵ in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) emulsified in an equal volume of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) supplemented with 1 mg Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RA (Difco, Detroit, Michigan). Immediately afterwards, and again 48 hours later, mice received i.p. injections of 300 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Labs, Campbell, CA).

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Tetanus toxoid List Biologicals Campbell, USA …

• Product #191 – Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani

BA spores and antigens:

… BA PA and LF were purchased from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (Campbell, CA, USA).

Primary and secondary T-cell responses to BA:

The in vitro human T-cell assay was adapted from standard assays conducted for the study of human immune responses… To assess secondary recall T-cell responses to BA, cells from the 7-day co-culture were harvested, washed, counted, and replated at a hDC:TC ratio of 1:10 in 24-well plates for 48 h with a second preparation of autologous hDCs that were infected with BA spores (WT or gerh) at a MOI of 1:1, 2.5 g/mL PA, 1 g/mL LF, KLH (10 g/mL), or left untreated.

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Cell Culture:

… supplemented with 10% FBS; MCF10A DMEM/Ham’s F12 supplemented with 5% equine serum (GIBCO), …and 100 ng/mL cholera toxin (List Biological Labs); …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

… Mice were exposed to 6 mg PE (n = 8) or cross-linked PE (n = 5) with 15 µg cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA, USA) by an intragastric gavage for 3 consecutive days, and this dosage was repeated once every week for 4 weeks. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Synthesis of CTBOVA conjugates:

CT was from List Biologicals Laboratories (Campbell, CA).

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Chemicals and Reagents:

Ultrapure LPS from Escherichia coli 055:B5 was purchased from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA).

• Product #423 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5