Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) induction and clinical scoring:

Six to eight-week-old female mice were immunized subcutaneously with PLP₁₈₀₁₉₉ peptide (200µg/mouse, Genemed Synthesis Inc.) emulsified in CFA containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (500µg/mouse, BD Diagnostics). Mice also received 300ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories) intraperitoneally (i.p.) at the time of immunization and 48 hours later. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Synthesis of HD5 and Mutant Analogues:

… Recombinant anthrax lethal factor was purchased from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. …

LF Inhibition Kinetics:

The inhibition of LF by various defensins was quantified using an enzymatic kinetic assay (52). Briefly, freshly prepared LF at a final concentration of 1 g/ml (10 nm) was incubated at 37 C for 30 min with a 2-fold dilution series of defensin in 20 mm HEPES buffer containing 1 mm CaCl2 and 0.5% Nonidet P-40, pH 7.2. 20 l of LF substrate (1 mm) was added to each well to a final concentration of 100 m in a total volume of 200 l. The enzyme activity, characterized as a time-dependent absorbance increase at 405 nm due to the release of p-nitroaniline, was monitored at 37 C over a period of 5 min on a 96-well Vmax microplate reader …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

Antigen presenting cell cultures:

Adherent splenocytes, and resident peritoneal cells were cultured for 4 or 24 hours in the presence or absence of 100 ng/ml LPS (E. coli O111:B4; List Biological Laboratories, concentration previously determined).  After incubation, supernatants from each culture were collected for analysis by multiplex bead array, and the cells were harvested for analysis by flow cytometry.  

• Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

Mice and Immunizations:

… In CD11c-DTR mice, DCs were depleted by i.p. injection of 8 ng diphtheria toxin (DT) (List Biological Labs) per gram body weight, in combination with rear footpad injection of 10 ng of DT each, all 12 hours before VRP injection.

• Product #150 –  Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Phage display and phage ELISA:

… To measure the activity of phage-displayed scFvs, phage ELISAs were performed in high-binding 96-well plates (Costar) coated with 1 g/ml KJ126 monoclonal antibody (BD Pharmingen; to assess DO11.10 scFv activity), 16 g/ml anthrax protective antigen (List Labs; 14B7), …

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Materials:

… Protective antigen was acquired from List Biologicals (Campbell, CA), …

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Tissue processing and data analysis:

After 57 days of survival, galagos were sacrificed using an overdose of sodium pentobarbital (80 mg/kg) and perfused with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS: pH 7.4) followed by 2% paraformaldehyde, and finally with a solution of 2% paraformaldehyde with 10% sucrose. The brains were removed, the cortex was separated from underlying brain structures, the sulci were opened, and the brain was flattened as described … The cortical sections were divided into four series and processed for cytochrome oxidase (CO; Wong-Wiley, 1979), myelin (Gallyas, 1979), or CTB using a protocol described in Baldwin et al. (2011) (Table 1). The last series was not processed, but instead mounted directly onto slides and coverslipped for fluorescent analysis of neurons labeled with FR. The brainstem was processed in five series, which were CO, CTB, FR, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE: Geneser-Jensen and Blackstand, 1971); the fifth series was set aside and processed as part of another study. Here we describe only the results from cortex and the locations of injections in the SC.

… Table 1. Antibody Characterization. Antigen, Immunogen, Manufacturer, Dilution factor. Cholera toxin subunit B, Purified CTB isolated from Vibrio cholerae, List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA), goat polyclonal #703, 1:5,000. …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis:

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was induced in 4-mo-old male B6 or B6.Sle1c2 mice. On day 0, mice received an emulsion of 50 mg myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide sequence 3555 and 500 mg Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Difco) in IFA (Sigma-Aldrich) via s.c. injections at the base of the tail. In addition, 500 ng pertussis toxin (List Biologicals) was administered i.p. on days 0 and 2. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Pertussis toxin (PTX); List Biologicals, USA

 Induction of active EAE:

… Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with ovalbumin was performed as follows: 250 µg OVA- protein and 800 µg H37RA emulsified in CFA were injected subcutaneously, followed by two intraperitoneal doses of 400 ng PTX in PBS at the time of immunization and 48 hr later.

Induction of active EAE in Rag1-/- or Rag1-/-Thy1.21 mice reconstituted with CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells was induced by 100 µg MOG35-55-peptide or 50 g OVA257-264-peptide and 400 µg H37RA emulsified in CFA, followed by two intraperitoneal doses of 200 ng PTX in PBS at the time of immunization and 48 hr later.
Induction of active EAE in SJL mice was induced by subcutaneous immunization with 250 µg PLP139-151 peptide and 800 µg H37RA emulsified in CFA. PTX (200 ng) was injected intraperitoneally at the time of immunization and 48 hr later when the disease course was studied, but was omitted when lymph node cells were isolated to generate PLP-specific CD4+ T cells in vitro. 

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

EAE:

… Incomplete Freund’s adjuvant and heat-inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Ra) were obtained from Difco Laboratories (Detroit, Michigan), and pertussis toxin was obtained from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA). …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)