Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

In vivo intoxication experiments:

Lyophilized recombinant PA, LF, and mutant LF (E687C) were purchased from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (Campbell, CA) and reconstituted in sterile water (stock concentration: 1 mg/mL in 5 mM HEPES, 50 mM NaCl, pH 7.5). Anthrax LT was administered with a fixed ratio of PA/LF of 2.51 by weight (molar ratio: 2.71). Unless otherwise indicated, mice were injected intravenously with 200 g PA/80 g LF (C57BL/6J) or 100 g PA/40 g LF (BALB/c), administered in a total volume of 0.3 mL of PBS. As a negative control, selected mice received the same volume of PBS alone. …

Some experiments involved the concomitant administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics with anthrax LT. Both antibiotics were administered subcutaneously beginning the day of LT treatment (amoxicillin: 100 mg/kg every 8 hours, and gentamicin 16 mg/kg one time per day, Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Antibiotic therapy was maintained until the animal succumbed to toxemia or until the termination of the experiment.

• Product #176 – Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant, Mutant E687C from B. anthracis

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Induction and suppression of EAE:

Disease Stimulation

Female inbred SJL/J mice, 57 weeks old, were randomly divided into different groups. All mice were immunized with PLP₁₃₉₁₅₁ in Freunds complete adjuvant (CFA) to induce EAE, as reported previously.^{3, 4} The PLP/CFA emulsion (50 µL per site) was administered to four separate regions above the shoulder and on the flanks. In addition, 200 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories Inc., Campbell, CA) was injected intraperitoneally on day 0 and 2. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction:

Five- to eight-week-old female C57BL/6 J mice were immunized with an emulsion containing 300 µg of MOG_35-55 … On the day of inoculation and 48 hours later, 100 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Inc. Cambell, CA, USA) in 0.1 mL saline was also administered by intraperitoneal injection. Control groups were inoculated the same way but without MOG_35-55.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Active EAE:

To actively induce EAE, 68 week old female SJL/J mice (Janvier, France) were immunized subcutaneously with 250 µg PLP₁₃₉₁₅₁ purity >95% (Pepceuticals Ltd., UK) together with Complete Freund’s Adjuvant and heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Ra, Difco). Bordetella pertussis toxin (250 ng; List Biological Laboratories, US) was administered intraperitoneally at days 0 and 2. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Functional Assays :

Anthrax LF was obtained from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. …

Briefly, freshly prepared LF at a final concentration of 1 g/ml (10 nm) was incubated at 37 C for 30 min with a 2-fold dilution series of defensin in 20 mm HEPES buffer containing 1 mm CaCl2 and 0.5% Nonidet P-40, pH 7.2. 20 l of LF substrate, …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

… Purified LPS was obtained from List Biological Laboratory. …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

Nasal vaccination:

Mice were anesthetized with isourane before vaccination. Vaccines were administered intranasally in 10 ml (5ml per nostril). Nonchimeric mice were vaccinated on days 0, 7, and 21. Chimeric mice were vaccinated on days 0, 7, 21, and 42. For each chimeric study replicate, mice were divided into groups of 4 to 8. Vaccine groups included PBS alone, recombinant LF (rLF) alone (#172; List Biological Laboratories Cambell, CA; 4 endotoxin units [EU]/mg), rLF + 4 mg IL-1a (400-ML; 0.00144 EU/mg; R&D, Minneapolis, MN), and rLF + 1 mg cholera toxin (CT) (EU/mg unknown; List #100B). For three of the four Il1r1 chimeric mouse experiments, mice were vaccinated with 25 mg LF for the day 0, 7, and 21 immunizations and 50 mg LF on day 42. For the remaining experiment, mice were immunized with 50 mg LF each time. The calculated endotoxin delivery per mouse was 0.20 (LF alone) to 0.22 EU (LF + IL-1a). Data from each group for all repeat experiments were combined and analyzed together. Mice vaccinated with LF + CT served as a positive control, and LF + CT-vaccinated mice responded similarly in all four chimeric groups.

• Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis)
• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Nasal vaccination:

Mice were anesthetized with isourane before vaccination. Vaccines were administered intranasally in 10 ml (5ml per nostril). Nonchimeric mice were vaccinated on days 0, 7, and 21. Chimeric mice were vaccinated on days 0, 7, 21, and 42. For each chimeric study replicate, mice were divided into groups of 4 to 8. Vaccine groups included PBS alone, recombinant LF (rLF) alone (#172; List Biological Laboratories Cambell, CA; 4 endotoxin units [EU]/mg), rLF + 4 mg IL-1a (400-ML; 0.00144 EU/mg; R&D, Minneapolis, MN), and rLF + 1 mg cholera toxin (CT) (EU/mg unknown; List #100B). For three of the four Il1r1 chimeric mouse experiments, mice were vaccinated with 25 mg LF for the day 0, 7, and 21 immunizations and 50 mg LF on day 42. For the remaining experiment, mice were immunized with 50 mg LF each time. The calculated endotoxin delivery per mouse was 0.20 (LF alone) to 0.22 EU (LF + IL-1a). Data from each group for all repeat experiments were combined and analyzed together. Mice vaccinated with LF + CT served as a positive control, and LF + CT-vaccinated mice responded similarly in all four chimeric groups. …

• Product #172 – Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis
• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Cells and Reagents:

… Stimulations were performed using 100 ng/mL of Salmonella minnesota ultra pure lipopolysaccaride (LPS) (List Biological Laboratories), …

• Product #434 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re)

… PAMP exposures were performed for 6 h, except in the time-course experiments. PAMPs used for BMDM and cell line exposures were from InvivoGen, except for E. coli O111:B4 LPS, which was from List Biological Laboratories. …

• Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4