Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Neuronal tracing:

Neuronal tracing was carried out in old and young wild type and rd/rd cl mice (n = 3 young wild type, n = 3 young rd/rd cl, n = 2 old wild type and n = 2 old rd/rd cl). Mice were anaesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride, 60 mg kg¹ and xylazine, 7 mg kg¹ and a topical analgesic ophthalmic solution (Proparacaine parachloride). Cholera toxin Subunit B tracer (CTB, List Biological, Campbell, CA) (1% diluted in sterile distilled water) was injected into the vitreous chamber of one eye with the aid of a micropipette (50 mm tip) sealed to the needle of a 5 µL Hamilton syringe. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Antigens and EAE induction:

The mouse MOG₃₅₅₅ peptide (MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK) was synthesized and purity confirmed by HPLC (GenScript, Piscataway, NJ). EAE was induced in mature mice (68 weeks old) by immunization with 100 µg MOG₃₅₅₅ peptide emulsified (1:1) in IFA with 300 µg Mycobacterium tuberculosis, strain H37RA (Bectin Dickinson, FranklinLakes, NJ). Each mouse received 0.05 mL emulsion (s.c.) at four sites. In addition, animals received pertussis toxin (300 ng i.p.; List Laboratories, Campbell, CA) at 0 h and 72 h post immunization. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Splenocytes:

Individual spleens were obtained and homogenized as previously described [16]. Splenocytes, at a concentration of 110⁶ cells/ml in 24-well plates, were stimulated overnight with the following agonists: E. coli O111:B4 LPS (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA), … Supernatants were collected for cytokine analysis.

• Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

Toxin injection:

Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 20 µg/kg PTX (List Biological Laboratories) …

EAE induction and clinical evaluation:

Mice were injected subcutaneously on day 0 with 200 µl (100 l/site) of emulsion containing 300 µg of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35-55 (AnaSpec) dissolved in saline and mixed with an equal volume of complete Freund’s adjuvant containing 500 µg of killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 RA (Difco Laboratories). The animals were also injected intraperitoneally with PTX (20 µg/kg) immediately and 48 h after the first immunization. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… cholera toxin was from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. …

Intestinal fluid secretion measurements:

Mice (30 35 g, ICR strain; The National Laboratory Animal Center, Bangkok, Thailand) were fasted for 24 h. They were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of thiopenthal sodium (50 mg/kg) and the body temperature was maintained at 36°C 37°C using heating pads. After an abdominal incision was made (1 cm in length), 3 closed mid-jejunal loops (2 3 cm in length) were prepared by ligations and instilled with 100 µl of PBS or PBS containing cholera toxin (1 µg) with or without ISLQ (1 mg/kg BW). …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

… CT [List Biological Laboratories (LBL) Campbell, CA, USA], …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Endothelial cell culture studies:

Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) were obtained from Lonza (Walkersville, MD) and grown in complete endothelial cell growth media. Cells were pretreated for 24 h with full-length human recombinant APN produced in a mouse myeloma cell line (R&D Systems) at 0, 2, or 10 mg/ml. Following pretreatment, cells were washed and then exposed to either PBS or LPS (Escherichia coli 055:B5; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) at 100 ng/ml for 24 h, and supernatant was collected for cytokine analysis.

NOTE:  At the time this paper was written, Product #203 (5mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) was utilized.

Product #203 (5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is no longer sold.

Product #203A (2.5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is available for purchase.

• Product #203A – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5

… Materials and methods. 2.1. Botulinum toxin components, other proteins and peptides. All BoNT holotoxins and component heavy and light chains were obtained from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (Campbell, CA). …

Gavage Technique:

… The full gavage needle was inserted up to the hub for proper delivery into the stomach (Figure 1C). The frogs received 10 µg of cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell CA) resuspended in PBS in each oral inoculant. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Immunohistochemistry:

Tissue sections were removed from cryoprotectant and washed (twice for 10 min each wash) in phosphatebuffered saline (PBS). Sections were incubated in the antibody dilution solution (PBS containing 0.3% Triton X-100, 2.5 g/l lambda carrageenan, 200 mg/l NaN3, 10 ml/l normal donkey serum) for 2 h at which time they were incubated in the primary antibody solution: goat anti-CTb (1:20,000 in antibody dilution solution, lot no. 7032A6; List Biological Laboratories) …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)