Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Sample Preparation:

To provide a source of data that was rich in content for functional annotation, we prepared a complex sample of soluble proteins from neutrophils activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The human promyelocytic HL-60 cell line (ATCC) was differentiated in culture using 1 M alltrans retinoic acid (Sigma-Aldrich), 6 pM 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Sigma-Aldrich), and 30 ng/mL granulocyte-colony stimulatory factor (Invitrogen) in Iscove’s Modified Dulbecco’s medium (Mediatech, Inc.) supplemented with 20% FBS and 4 mM L-glutamine.³¹ Cells were activated via treatment with 100 ng/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli O111:B4 (List Biological Laboratories) for 30 minutes. …

• Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

EAE induction, disability evaluation and tissue harvesting:

… For the mouse model, 8-10 weeks-old female C57BL/6 mice (Taconic, Hudson, NY) were immunized subcutaneously in the flank with 200 µg myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 3555 (MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK; Stanford PAN Facility, Stanford, CA) emulsified in CFA that had been supplemented with M. tuberculosis strain H37RA (MT; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI) at 7 mg/ml. All mice also received an intraperitoneal injection of 350 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological, Campbell, CA) at 0 and 48 h post-immunization. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Cholera toxin B (CTB) subunit-biotin conjugates was from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (Campbell, CA). …

• Product #112 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit Biotin Conjugate>

Flow cytometry:

… Medium alone and 10 g/ml tetanus toxoid protein (List Biological Laboratories, Inc.) were used as negative controls, …

• Product #191 – Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani

Experimental protocols:

After completion of the surgical procedures, anesthetized rats were allowed to stabilize for 60 min before initiation of experimental protocols. As described by Cui et al. (4, 6), rats received LeTx [LF (100 g/kg) + PA (200 g/kg) infused at 0.5 ml/h] or vehicle (PA + PBS with 1% BSA or PBS with 1% BSA infused at 0.5 ml/h). LF and PA are recombinant proteins prepared from B. anthracis and purchased from List Biological Laboratories. Experiments were completed in intact and SAD rats. LeTx or vehicle was infused intravenously via a femoral venous catheter, and the dose of LeTx was chosen on the basis of the time course of physiological responses to intravenous LeTx infusions as reported by Cui and colleagues (6). MAP, HR, and SND were recorded continuously during intravenous LeTx or vehicle infusions. The maximum infusion duration was 6 h; however, because of LeTx-induced reductions in arterial blood pressure, the majority of experiments were terminated before 6 h. Additional experiments involved the intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at a dose (20 g/kg) that reduced basal levels of MAP to 5060 mmHg. At the end of experiments, rats were euthanized by an overdose of methohexital sodium (150 mg/kg iv).

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

… Human MDA PCa 2b cell line (AR-positive) was maintained in Kaighn’s modification of Ham’s F12 (F12K) medium supplemented with 25 ng/ml cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA), 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor, 100 pg/ml hydrocortisone, 1 ITS-X …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Oral CT/OVA immunization:

Mice were immunized orally by gavage on day 0 and day 14 with CT (20 µg, List Laboratories) …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Immunohistochemistry – Primary Antibodies:

… Cholera toxin B subunit, B subunit (choleragenoid) of cholera toxin isolated from Vibrio cholerae type Inaba 569B, List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA, USA), goat polyclonal, Catalog # 703; …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

PTx (List Biological Laboratories) was dissolved in PBS (100 ng/l).

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE):

… PTx facilitates T cell access to the CNS, presumably via TLR4-mediated induction of adhesion molecules in the endothelium of the blood-brain barrier84. In addition, PTx contributes to the break of T cell tolerance, promoting clonal expansion and cytokine production by T cells79,80. This immunization model promotes the activation of TH cells, specifically of the TH1 and TH17 lineages79,80. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

EAE:

… Freund’s adjuvant (CFA, heat-killed H37Ra, Difco). Mice received pertussis toxin (PTx, List Biologicals, Campbell, CA) on the day of immunization (75 ng) and 2 days later (200 ng). Animals were monitored daily for clinical signs …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)