Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Spinal cord and brainstem:

… Alternating horizontal sections were reacted for cytochrome oxidase, enabling clear demarcation of the gray and white matter. The other sections were incubated with primary goat anti-CTB (1:4,000) (#703; List Biological Laboratories) diluted in Tris-buffered saline containing 0.25% (vol/vol) Triton X-100 (Sigma) and 2.5% (vol/vol) normal rabbit serum (Millipore) to visualize the forelimb primary afferents and terminal fields. The brainstem was separated, blocked, and left in …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Cell culture assays:

… Ultra Pure lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli serotype O111:B4 was obtained from List Biological Laboratories (# 421, List Biological Laboratories, INC., Campbell, CA, USA). …

• Product #421 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

Epicutaneous Immunization.

Immunization was typically on the ear skin, without prior treatment. In some experiments (specified in the text) the flank skin was used, in which case mice were shaved (under anesthetic) at least 2 d before immunization (16). Immunization followed the scheme described in SI Appendix, Fig. S1. Briefly, mice were anesthetized and the skin site hydrated with water (15 min), then OVA protein (500 μg in 25 μL of PBS; Sigma-Aldrich) applied topically for 20 min. After washing with water and air drying, the indicated adjuvants were applied to the same site for 20 min. Unless otherwise indicated, the following doses of adjuvants were used: CT (List Biological Laboratories), 100 μg; CpG 1826 (Invivogen) 500 μg; Poly I:C (Amersham) 200 μg; LPS (Sigma) 10 μg; and imiquimod (3M) 50 μL of 1% cream. The immunization site was extensively washed with water and allowed to dry before the animals recovered. In the case of recombinant CT and CT(mut) used for the OVA–CT fusion studies, 10 μg of CT [or CT(mut)] was used. For sortase fused OVA–CT/CT(mut), the immunization involved a single application step. In titration experiments we found similar adjuvant effects using either 10 or 100 μg of commercial CT for EPI on ear skin, but for experimental consistency data with 100 μg CT are shown throughout. The control mice received PBS in place of antigen or adjuvants, as indicated.

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

… For direct ELISA analysis of the peptide binding affinity to a recombinant PA protein, 83 kDa PA (PA 83 ; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) was labeled directly with 44 kDa horseradish peroxidase enzyme (HRP) using EZ-Link plus activated peroxidase …

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Molecular weight markers (MW) are indicated to the left of the image. The arrow points to the migration of the standard (STD) loaded at 100 ng (TcdB, List Biologicals).

• Product #155A – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile

… BoNT/A was purchased from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA, USA). …

High K⁺-evoked overflow:

… Synaptosomes were then stimulated with KCl (25 mmol/L or 65 mmol/L). The high K⁺-solutions were prepared by substituting NaCl for equal amounts of KCl to maintain isotonicity. Eight hundred l samples of superfusate were collected at 1, 2, 5 or 10 minutes of superfusion in ice-cold Eppendorf tubes. In some experiments synaptosomes were incubated with 300 nmol/L BoNT/A for 2 hours at 37°C and then high K⁺ overflow experiments were performed. …

Sensitization and Challenge of Mice

Five-week-old C3H/HeJ mice were sensitized orally with 1 mg of native β-LG in 0.2 M bicarbonate buffer containing 20 μg of cholera toxin (List Biologicals, Campbell, CA) on d 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 by gavage. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

… (12-18 per group) were immunized with 50 g of the E. coli-expressed recombinant protein (ie, D1-3, D1-2, D3, or NS1) by the in or intraperitoneal (ip) route, using 20 µl volumes containing 1 µg of cholera toxin (CT; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Mouse model of peanut allergy:

… Briefly, mice were sensitized by oral gavage on days 1, 8, and 15 with 10 mg ground, roasted peanuts plus 20 µg cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Inc.) and boosted on day 22 with 50 mg ground, roasted peanuts plus 20 µg cholera toxin. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Surgery and axonal tracing:

Adult female Sprague Dawley Rats (n=12) were divided into 4 groups (n = 3/group): each had a different cell transplant of GRP predifferentiated with FBS, BMP-4, CNTF, or control bFGF for 6 days. …

Three weeks after the surgery to create dorsal column lesions was performed, BMP-4, CNTF, and bFGF transplanted animals were anesthetized with an XAK cocktail and an incision was made into the upper hindquarters to expose the sciatic nerve. A 10-uL Hamilton syringe was inserted into each sciatic nerve and 2 to 3 L of Cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) (10 g/L; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was injected to label ascending sensory axonal projections. Animals were sacrificed 3 days after CTB injection.

Author did not specify which CTB was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #103B (Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae)  and Product #104 (Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt).