Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

… Two intraperitoneal injections of 200 ng pertussis toxin (PTX, List Biological Laboratories Inc., Campbell, CA) were administered separately on days 0 and 2. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories) was injected intravenously at days 0 and 2 (400 and 200 ng, respectively) …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… and then the mice were injected intravenously with an additional 300 ng of pertussis toxin (PTX) (List Biological Laboratories Inc., Campbell, CA, USA) in 100 µl of PBS on Day 0 and Day 2 …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Reagents

We purchased the following reagents as follows: … LPS (434, List Labs), …

Cell death assay

Macrophages were plated onto 96-well plates and cultured for 12 h in RPMI medium containing 10% FBS. Macrophages were stimulated with the IAP antagonist, BV6 (1 μM), in the presence of the apoptosis inhibitor, zVAD (20 μM), the RIPK3 inhibitor, GSK’872 (5 μM), or both, as indicated, for the times indicated. To induce pyroptosis, macrophages were pretreated with LPS (10 ng/mL) for 4 h, then stimulated with nigericin (10 μM) for the indicated times. …

• Product #434 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re)

… Sections were then incubated for 24 hours at 4 oC in PBS containing 0.1% Triton X-100, 2.5% normal donkey serum, and anti-CTB (List Biological Laboratories, Campell, CA; 1:20,000 in .05M PBS) with 0.4% Triton X-100. …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Animals and immunization

Female inbred C57BL/6, SJL/J, (C57BL/6xSJL/J)F1, and DBA/1J mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory. B6.129(Cg)Foxp3tm3(DTR/GFP)Ayr/J (FOXP3DTR) breeder pairs were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and were bred in house at the University of Florida. Animals were approximately 8–10 weeks old at the time of disease induction. EAE was induced by 2 subcutaneous injections each containing 100 μg peptide (MOG35–55, MOG119–132, prevention of MOG79–96, MOG92–106, and MOG1–125) or 50 μg peptide (MOG119–132/MOG35–55 for a mixed total of 100 μg, and reversal of MOG79–96) emulsified in CFA (Sigma Aldrich) supplemented with 9 mg/mL Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Difco Laboratories). Pertussis Toxin (200 ng or 500 ng for MOG92–106 induction only, List Biological Laboratories, Inc., was injected intraperitoneally 2 and 24 h after immunization with CFA. All peptides were based on mouse proteins.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Cholera toxin (CT; Cat#10654, Lot#10067A1) was obtained from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (Campbell, CA, USA). …

2.9 Mouse closed-loop models of cholera toxin (CT)-induced diarrheas

ICR mice (30–35 g) were purchased from Nomura Siam International Co., Ltd., Thailand. Mice were acclimated under controlled conditions for 3 days (temperature 22 ± 1°C; relative humidity 30–70%; 12-h dark/light cycle) with access to food and water ad libitum. To investigate the in vivo efficacy of DHLV on CT-induced intestinal fluid secretion, mice were fasted for 24 h before experiments. Mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of thiopental (50 mg/kg), abdominal incision was made, and ileal closed-loops (length of 2–3 cm) were created by ligation. For intestinal fluid secretion, ileal closed-loops were instilled with 100 μl of sterile PBS containing CT (1 μg/loop) with or without intraluminal (i.l.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of DHLV (20 μM and 2 mg/kg, respectively). The abdominal incision was closed by sutures and mice were allowed to recover from anesthesia. Six hours later, mice were euthanized and ileal closed-loops were collected. Weight/length ratios of ileal closed-loops, which indicated intestinal fluid secretion, were measured. For baseline intestinal fluid transport, ileal closed-loops were instilled with 200 μl of PBS with or without DHLV (20 μM). One and thirty min later, mice were euthanized by intraperitoneal injection of overdose of thiopental (150 mg/kg) and ileal closed-loops were collected and measured for weight/length ratios. Mice were euthanized with an injection of thiopental (150 mg/kg).

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Materials and reagents were obtained from … LF, PA83, and PA63 were obtained from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA), …

• Product #171E – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis
• Product #174 – Anthrax Protective Antigen, Activated (PA 63) from B. anthracis

Author did not specify which Lethal Factor (LF) was utilized; List Labs provides the following LF:

• Prodcut #172 – Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis
• Product #169L – Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence

E2 pellet implantation and induction of EAE:

… Mice were then immunized with 200µg mouse MOG-35-55 peptide (PolyPeptide Laboratories, San Diego, CA) in 200µg Complete Freund’s adjuvant [Incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) with heat-killed Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (Mtb, Difco, Detroit, MI)] subcutaneously along the flanks at four sites. Additionally, mice
were administered 75ng of pertussis toxin (Ptx, List Biologicals, Campbell, CA) via an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection on the day of immunization and 200ng i.p. two days later. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

EAE induction and score

… EAE induction was performed by mixing rhMOG (200 mg/mouse) in CFA (Difco Laboratories, DF3114-33-8) containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (Difco Laboratories, DF0639-60-6) and injecting s.c. into the abdomen bilaterally (50 ml emulsion in each side). Pertussis toxin (120 ng) (List Biological Laboratories, 180) diluted in PBS was administered i.p. on days 0 and 2 after immunization. Control mice receiving PBS in CFA were received injections
with the same amount of pertussis toxin. …

• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer