Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Induction of Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)

Wild-type male 10-12 weeks C57BL/6J mice after receiving the combined ICI treatment as described above were induced with active or adoptive transfer experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Active EAE was induced via SQ injection containing 200 μg MOG35–55 peptide (MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK) emulsified in Complete Freund′s Adjuvant, supplemented with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (Hooke Laboratories Cat #EK-0111) as previously reported (6). Briefly, SQ injection was given at dosage of 200 μl emulsion at two sites over the flank region. Additionally, on the day of EAE induction and 48 hours post-induction, 200 ng pertussis toxin (List Biologic Laboratories, Cat. 181) was injected intraperitoneally to each mouse. …

• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)

Infections and EAE induction

… Additionally, mice received two intraperitoneal injections of 350 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Inc.) at the time of induction and 48 h later. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

2.1 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease model in aged mice

To induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we administered myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) (#51716, GL Biochem (Shanghai), Ltd.) and pertussis toxin (PTX) (#180, List Biological) to mice. On day 0, the mice were randomly assigned to different groups (n = 10). After anesthetizing the mice with isoflurane, we subcutaneously injected an emulsion containing 2 mg/mL MOG35-55 and 4 mg/mL complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) in equal volumes (10 μL each), which had been homogenized for 1 h in a 40 mL brown glass vial. Simultaneously, we intraperitoneally injected 200 μL (200 ng) of a diluted PTX solution. After 48 h, the mice received a second PTX injection. The normal group did not undergo any immunization. Following EAE induction, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with NMO-IgG antibody (2 mg per mouse) on days 13, 14, 18, and 19 to trigger the onset of NMOSD. The experiment concluded 28 days after the last injection. The NMO control group received IgG obtained from healthy individuals. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Staphylococcus Enterotoxin B (SEB) was purchased from List Labs; …

… Pertussis toxin (PTX) was purchased from List Biological Labs (USA). …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Characterization of primary NSCs and C17.2 cells

P3 generation NSCs were seeded into petri dishes t a density of 1×106/ml and cultured overnight. Then, the cells were either treated with different concentrations of BHB for 1 day or pretreated with 500 ng/ml PTX (List Biological, 181), …

• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)

2.5 Construction of lipodystrophy mouse model and ibuprofen treatment

… To induce deletion of Cre-positive cells, mice were injected daily with 100 ng/mouse/day of diphtheria toxin (DT) (Biological List Laboratories, Cat#150) for 5 days via the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. The R26-(SA-LSL-DTR) flox/flox mice received an equal amount of PBS as the control group. Samples were collected at day 7 after the first injection (Figure 2E). To determine the effect of ibuprofen on lipodystrophy metabolic dysfunction, 1 mg/mL ibuprofen (Sigma, St. Louis, I1892) was continuously added to the drinking water of both Con + IBU and DTRADQ + IBU groups of mice 7 days prior to intraperitoneal injection until the end of the experiment. After 7 days of IBU pretreatment (D−7 to D0), mice in both the DTRADQ + water and DTRADQ + IBU groups were intraperitoneally injected with DT daily for 5 consecutive days (D0 to D4), and at the same time, mice in the Con + water and Con + IBU groups were injected with an equal volume of PBS. All mice were sacrificed to harvest for tissues on D6 (Figure 4A).

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Animal husbandry and procedures

… Diphtheria Toxin (List Labs, #150) was dissolved in PBS and administered to postnatal pups by intraperitoneal injection at P0, P2, and P4 at 5ng/g of body weight. …

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

EAE induction and scoring

WT NOD and IgH[MOG] mice were immunized subcutaneously with 200 µg MOG[35-55] (synthesized at the CHU de Québec), emulsified in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (BD Difco) that was supplemented with 500 µg M. tuberculosis extract (BD Difco). On day 0 and day 2 post-immunization, mice received 200 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories) intraperitoneally. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

2.2 Preparation of NMOSD Mice
C57BL/6 female mice (18–20 g, 6–8 weeks old, Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Shanghai, China) were used. The NMOSD mouse model was constructed as previously reported [8, 9]. Mice were injected (s.c.) with an emulsion containing 4 mg/mL complete Freund’s adjuvant (BD Difco, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) at 4 sites. Then, they were injected (i.p.) with 200 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) on days 4 and 7 after immunization. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)