Reagents:
… Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was obtained from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA). TNF-, IL-1, and IFN- were used separately, as a mixture (referred to as CytoCombo), or as a mixture of CytoCombo and LPS (CytoCombo + LPS)
Fractionation of endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (E-EVs):
Ten-centimeter dishes coated with type I collagen (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) of confluent b.End5 cells were rinsed with PBS, and stimulated with medium containing CytoCombo + LPS, CytoCombo, or LPS alone to induce inflammation.
Scanning electron microscopy:
Endothelial b.End5 cells were seeded on cover slips and cultured until confluent. Confluent cells were then exposed to inflammatory stimuli (CytoCombo + LPS) for 10 seconds or 10 minutes. After stimulation, the cells were fixed with 2% formaldehyde…
Western blotting:
For E-EV marker analyses, E-EVs that were fractionated from the culture media of b.End5 cells after CytoCombo + LPS stimulation were used as sample.
NOTE: At the time this paper was written, Product #203 (5mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) was utilized.
Product #203 (5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is no longer sold.
Product #203A (2.5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is available for purchase.