Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Materials and methods – Reagents:

… Re-extracted LPS from Escherichia coli was purchased from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA). …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

In Vitro Migration and Actin Polymerization

Migration assays were performed using 24-well transwell plates with 5-μm pore size filter inserts (Corning). Prior to migration assays, L1.2 or THP-1 cells were pretreated with either 100 μm BX-471 (kind gift of Richard Horuk, University of California, Davis), 0.2 μg/ml pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories), or DMSO as a control for 1 h at 37 °C. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer and Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free).

… Animals in the IN group immunized with recombinant MOMP (100 µg) and either … or CT (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Pharmacological injections: 

Pharmacological compounds were prepared in sterile 0.9% saline and stored at 20 C prior to use. Diptheria toxin (DT) (50 g/kg; List Biologicals, #150), was injected intramuscularly (in mice) and all other compounds were administered intraperitoneally.

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Animals and vaccinations:

…Cholera toxin (List Labs; Campbell, USA) was administered at 2 µg/mouse in 50 µL mixed with the vaccine.

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

INDUCTION OF EAE

EAE was induced as previously described (27). Briefly, eight-week-old female SJL/J mice, each weighing 20g (20±1g) were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine and were injected subcutaneously at two sites on the back with 0.1 mL solution containing 0.5 mg/mL proteolipid protein peptide 139–151 (PLP; GenScript, Piscataway, NJ) emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA; Difco, Detroit, MI) containing 0.5 mg/mL mycobacterium tuberculosis (Difco). Control mice were injected with equal volumes of PBS and CFA. All mice were injected with 200 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological, Campbell, CA) in 0.1 mL PBS intraperitoneally on day 0 (day of immunization) and again on day 2.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Materials and Methods:

… Recombinant protective antigen (rPA) of recent production from List Biological Laboratories Inc. was used as a control for these studies.

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

… On a separate plate, two – fold dilutions of Fab in serum – free media plus 400pM of native TcdA ( List Biological Laboratories, Inc., cat# 152B) was pre – incubated for 1 hour and then the mixture was added to the cells by media exchan ge. After 24 hours (when cell round ing in controls became evident), the media was changed to complete media (EMEM with serum). …

• Product #152 – Toxin A from Clostridium difficile

In Vivo Model of Recurrent LPS Exposure:

Escherichia coli LPS type 0111:B4 (List Biologicals, Campbell, CA) was used for animal exposures. LPS was delivered by noninvasive oral aspiration, as described previously (13). Briefly, mice were lightly anesthetized and suspended by upper incisors on a 45-angle incline board. The tongue was extended with forceps and 100 l of LPS or PBS was placed into the oral cavity. Mice were monitored until fluid aspiration followed by several additional chest retractions was observed; 10 to 12 mice of each genotype were exposed for each end point. Mice were administered either a single 8-g dose of LPS to assess threshold sensitivity due to SP-C deficiency or were serially administered 8 g LPS interspaced by 2 days of recovery before the second and third doses. Mice were observed for 3, 5, or 30 days after the final LPS exposure before assessing recovery from injury. In a separate experiment, an SP-Cenriched surfactant extract was transiently replaced before LPS challenge. Mice were given a single 25-g dose of Survanta (Abbvie Inc., North Chicago, IL) as an exogenous source of SP-C before LPS exposure, and the cell counts and myeloperoxidase activity levels determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) 24 hours later as an indicator of neutrophil activity and cellular inflammation.

• Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

Key reagents and their sources were as follows: Escherichia coli LPS serotype O1101:B4 (List Biological Laboratories),…

Isolation, culture, and experimental testing of BMDC:

For experimental tests, plated BMDC were centrifuged at 300 3 g for 510 min, and the differentiation medium was removed and replaced with low-serum DMEM (0.1% bovine calf serum plus penicillin, streptomycin, and L-glutamine). The cells were equilibrated for 15 min at 37C in 10% CO2 prior to addition of test reagents. BMDC were routinely primed with 1 mg/ml LPS (unless indicated otherwise) for 4 h to activate TLR4 signaling prior to treatment with indicated concentrations of Dox, STS, or other chemotherapeutic drugs for additional periods ranging from 2 to 18 h (with the LPS being present throughout).

• Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4