Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Induction of EAE:

… The A_2AR KO mice were in congenic C57BL/6 background after backcrossing for more than 12 generations (Yu et al. 2005). … To induce EAE, 10 to 12weekold female mice were injected subcutaneously with 200g MOG₃₅₅₅ peptide (AC Scientific, China) emulsified in complete Freunds adjuvant (CFA, containing 8mg/ml Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra). Reconstituted lyophilized pertussis toxin (200ng List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) was injected intraperitoneally immediately after the MOG injection and again 48h later. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Assessment of the in vivo stability and regulatory activity of P4induced FoxP3⁺ T cells:

For the MOG peptideinduced EAE model, 5 10⁶ P4induced or control iTreg cells were injected i.v. into CD45.1⁺ congenic C57BL/6 mice and the mice were immunized with MOG₃₅₅₅ peptide (100 µg/mouse) in complete Freund’s adjuvant. On the same day, pertussis toxin (100 ng/mouse, PTX from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA)) was injected i.p. The immunization was repeated 7 days later. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

For active EAE induction, mice were immunized with 100µg MOG3555 peptide (MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK) in CFA injected subcutaneously, mice received pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratory, CA) via intraperitoneally (i.p.). …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

In vivo cell depletion:

Treg cells were depleted by administration of diphtheria toxin (DT) to Foxp3^DTR mice (List Biological Laboratories). Fifty micrograms per kilogram of DT was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) in a 200 L volume every other day for 12 days unless otherwise noted. Control animals received 200 L sterile PBS ip. DT administration results in greater than 95% reduction specifically of Treg cells in the spleen, LN’s, peripheral blood, and bone marrow (data not shown). DT treatment of control (C57BL/6) mice failed to induce any signs of B-cell activation, terminal differentiation, T_FH development, or autoantibody production (Supporting Information Fig. 1). CD4 depletion was achieved by administration of 250 g GK1.5 ip every 3rd day (Bio X Cell).

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Retrograde tracing of LPT/MLR neurons after CTb injections in the spinal cord:

Rats (n=4) were injected with 15nl of cholera toxin B subunit (CTb, 1% in saline) in the spinal ventral horn at the C8-T1 level. 2 weeks after the injection the rats were transcardially perfused with saline and 4% phosphate-buffered formalin. Brains were cut at 40m sections and processed immunohistochemically for CTb and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). In brief, the sections were incubated in primary antibody (polyclonal goat anti-CTb antibody; 1:10,000; List Biologicals) for 24 hours at room temperature followed by incubation in …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Experimental Protocols:

Rats received intravenous (femoral vein) LeTx [lethal factor (LF) and protective antigen (PA); LF 100 g/kg+PA 200 g/kg; infusion rate 1.0 ml/hr) or vehicle (PA+PBS with 1% BSA, 0.5 ml/hr or PBS with 1% BSA, 1.0 ml/hr]. LF and PA were recombinant proteins prepared from B. anthracis and purchased from List Biological Laboratories. Experiments were completed in INT and SAD rats. MAP, HR, lumbar SND, and renal SND were recorded continuously during LeTx or vehicle infusions. The maximum infusion duration was 3 hours; however, due to LeTx-induced reductions in MAP, the majority of experiments were terminated before the completion of 3 hours. The effect of a short bout of combined hypoxia and hypercapnia on SND responsivity, produced by shutting off the mechanical ventilator for a short period of time (1530 s), was determined near the end of LeTx and vehicle infusion experiments. Arterial pO2 and pCO2 levels were measured before and 1530 s after ventilation was terminated. Rats were euthanized by an intravenous overdose of methohexital sodium (150 mg/kg iv).

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Pertussis toxin (PTX), … List Biologicals, CA

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Immunohistochemistry:

… CTb was subsequently visualized with a goat anti-CTb primary antibody (1:20,000; List Biological Laboratories), …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Reagents:

PA₆₃ was purchased from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA). …

Channel reconstitution into planar lipid bilayers:

… For multichannel experiments, we applied 12 l of 0.2 mg ml¹ stock PA₆₃. Under this protocol, the channel insertions were always directional. The applied potential was defined as positive if it was higher on the side of protein addition.

• Product #174 – Anthrax Protective Antigen, Activated (PA 63) from B. anthracis

Transganglionic tracing of ascending sensory axons:

Animals that were used for immunohistochemical analysis of sensory axon regeneration received injections of 1% cholera toxin-subunit (CTB; 2 µl per side, List Biological Laboratories) bilaterally into the sciatic nerve at mid-thigh level 3 d before perfusion.

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt