Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Materials:

VAMPtide substrates (Products #540, #541 and #542), BoNT/B light chain (LC ) (Product #620A), and BoNT/B holotoxin (Prod #136A) are products of List Biological Laboratories, Inc.

• Product #540 – VAMPtide Peptide Substrate (o-Abz/Dnp) Substrate for C. botulinum Type B Neurotoxin
• Product #541 – VAMPtide Peptide Substrate (FITC/DABCYL) Substrate for C. botulinum Type B Neurotoxin
• Product #542 – VAMPtide (Pya/Nop) Peptide Substrate for Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B
• Product #620A – Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B Light Chain, Recombinant
• Product #136A – Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B, Nicked, from Clostridium botulinum

Methods – The above materials were used in the following (refer to poster for details):

• Fluorimetric assays
• Sensitivity and LOD

Reagents:

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Cat #: 421), … were purchased from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (Campbell, CA), …

Results – Production of ROS is increased in cells cultured in a serum-poor medium and leads to enhanced propensity of cells to be activated by SFAs:

In our previous studies demonstrating that SFAs activate TLR2 and TLR4, cells were cultured in the serum-poor (0.25% FBS) medium. Thus, we examined how the responsiveness of cells to C12:0 or TLR agonists is affected by different serum concentrations in the culture media. The responsiveness of RAW 264.7 cells to C12:0, C16:0-BSA, or TLR agonists (LPS, a TLR4 agonist; Pam3CSK4, a TLR2 agonist) was greatly potentiated when the cells were cultured in the serum-poor (0.25%) medium compared with the cells cultured in 10% FBS ( ) …

• Product #421 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

Adoptive transfer myocarditis:

<... Each mouse additionally received pertussis toxin (PT, 100 ng; List Biologicals, Campbell, California) on days 0 and 2 posttransfer as described previously [19,27,28]. The animals were euthanized on day 21 posttransfer, and hearts and pancreases were collected for histological evaluation of inflammatory changes. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Animals and induction of EAE:

… Rag^/ mice were sublethally irradiated and reconstituted with Bat3^+/ or Bat3^/ fetal liver hematopoietic cells as described⁴². EAE was induced by subcutaneous injection of mice with 100 µl of an emulsion containing CFA, 250 µg Mycobacterium tuberculosis extract H37-Ra (Difco), and either 100 µg MOG₃₅₅₅ (MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK) or 100 µg PLP₁₃₉₁₅₁ peptide (HSLGKWLGHPDKF; QCB BioSource International). Mice received 200 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories) intraperitoneally on days 0 and 2. For cell transfer experiments, 2D2 Th1 were retrovirally transduced and sorted on GFP⁺ 5 days after initial stimulation, 210⁶ GFP⁺ cells were transferred i.v. to each Rag^/ recipient. All animals received 200 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories) i.p. at d0 and d2. Animals were monitored daily for development of EAE according to the following criteria: …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

CTB retrograde tracing:

Four weeks after SCI, animals were injected with 5 l of cholera toxin -subunit (CTB; 10 mg/ml; List Biological Laboratories, California). The rats were re-anesthetized by isoflurane inhalation (5% induction/1-2% maintenance) and an incision was made approximately over the left mid thigh. The proximal portion of the left sciatic nerve was exposed and injected with CTB utilizing a 10 µl Hamilton syringe.

Studies in unlesioned rats demonstrated that 4-7 days was sufficient for transport of CTB tracer through the dorsal columns to brainstem gracile nucleus termination …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Experimental animals and surgical procedures:

… After completion of the behavioral testing, the rats were reanesthetized with isoflurane, and the left median nerve was exposed and 5 µl of 5% cholera toxin subunit B (CTB, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) injected into the left median nerve. Seven days later tissue was collected for analysis. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

… Two monkeys received a single pressure-injection of 5 µl of unconjugated CTB (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) through a Hamilton syringe (5 mg/mL in 0.01 M Phosphate buffer, pH 7.5). …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Pre-incubation of MoDCs with toxins and chemicals:

MoDCs were incubated with PA (1 g/ml) and EF and/or LF (both from List Biological Laboratories Campbell, CA, USA) at 40 ng/ml, …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis
• Product #178A – Anthrax Edema Factor (EF), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Peanut-induced anaphylaxis (PIA):

PIA was induced as previously described[5]. Briefly, mice were sensitized by oral gavage with 1 mg peanut protein (Kraft Naturals peanut butter) and 10 µg cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratories) in 100 µL sterile dH2O, weekly for 4 weeks. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Materials:

… CT was purchased from List Biologicals (Campbell, CA); …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae