Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Toxin injection:

Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 20 µg/kg PTX (List Biological Laboratories) …

EAE induction and clinical evaluation:

Mice were injected subcutaneously on day 0 with 200 µl (100 l/site) of emulsion containing 300 µg of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35-55 (AnaSpec) dissolved in saline and mixed with an equal volume of complete Freund’s adjuvant containing 500 µg of killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 RA (Difco Laboratories). The animals were also injected intraperitoneally with PTX (20 µg/kg) immediately and 48 h after the first immunization. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… cholera toxin was from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. …

Intestinal fluid secretion measurements:

Mice (30 35 g, ICR strain; The National Laboratory Animal Center, Bangkok, Thailand) were fasted for 24 h. They were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of thiopenthal sodium (50 mg/kg) and the body temperature was maintained at 36°C 37°C using heating pads. After an abdominal incision was made (1 cm in length), 3 closed mid-jejunal loops (2 3 cm in length) were prepared by ligations and instilled with 100 µl of PBS or PBS containing cholera toxin (1 µg) with or without ISLQ (1 mg/kg BW). …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

… CT [List Biological Laboratories (LBL) Campbell, CA, USA], …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Endothelial cell culture studies:

Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) were obtained from Lonza (Walkersville, MD) and grown in complete endothelial cell growth media. Cells were pretreated for 24 h with full-length human recombinant APN produced in a mouse myeloma cell line (R&D Systems) at 0, 2, or 10 mg/ml. Following pretreatment, cells were washed and then exposed to either PBS or LPS (Escherichia coli 055:B5; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) at 100 ng/ml for 24 h, and supernatant was collected for cytokine analysis.

NOTE:  At the time this paper was written, Product #203 (5mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) was utilized.

Product #203 (5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is no longer sold.

Product #203A (2.5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is available for purchase.

• Product #203A – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5

… Materials and methods. 2.1. Botulinum toxin components, other proteins and peptides. All BoNT holotoxins and component heavy and light chains were obtained from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (Campbell, CA). …

Gavage Technique:

… The full gavage needle was inserted up to the hub for proper delivery into the stomach (Figure 1C). The frogs received 10 µg of cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell CA) resuspended in PBS in each oral inoculant. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Immunohistochemistry:

Tissue sections were removed from cryoprotectant and washed (twice for 10 min each wash) in phosphatebuffered saline (PBS). Sections were incubated in the antibody dilution solution (PBS containing 0.3% Triton X-100, 2.5 g/l lambda carrageenan, 200 mg/l NaN3, 10 ml/l normal donkey serum) for 2 h at which time they were incubated in the primary antibody solution: goat anti-CTb (1:20,000 in antibody dilution solution, lot no. 7032A6; List Biological Laboratories) …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Induction and evaluation of EAE:

Mice were immunized for the induction of EAE using a single injection protocol. The animals were injected s.c. in the posterior right and left ank and the scruff of the neck with a sonicated PBS/oil emulsion containing 200 mg MOG3555 and CFA (Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 200 mg Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (Difco Laboratories). Immediately afterward, each mouse received 200 ng PTX (List Biological Laboratories) in 0.2 ml Munoz buffer by i.v. injection (14). …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Experimental autoimmune diseases:

… For EAE induction (29), mice were immunized s.c. with 200 mg MOG 3555 peptide (Anaspec) emulsied in 200 ml CFA (DIFCO Laboratories) containing killed Mycobacterium (DIFCO Laboratories) plus 200 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories) by i.p. injection on days 0 and 2, and EAE disease scoring was determined daily (29). …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

2.2. TC DNA immunization by applying plasmid DNA onto a mouse skin area wherein the hair was depilated by warm-waxing

… Female C57BL/6 mice and SKH1-Elite mice were from Charles River Laboratories (Wilmington, MA). TC immunization was completed as previously described [3]. Mice (n = 5–10/group) were anesthetized, and the hair in the mid-dorsum was plucked with ‘warm’ wax (GiGi® Honee, American International Industries, Los Angeles, CA) in an area of ~1.5 cm2. Two days after the plucking, mice were anesthetized again, and the plucked area was cleaned with 70% ethanol, hydrated for 20 min with warm water, and paper-dried. Plasmid DNA (pCMV-β or pCI-neo-sOVA, 50 μg) admixed with 10 μg cholera toxin (CT) (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was gently dripped onto the hydrated area using a pipette tip. … Cholera toxin (CT) from Vibrio cholera, a heat-labile enterotoxin, is widely used experimentally as an adjuvant in mucosal and transcutaneous immunization [16]. It was used in the present study because data from a previous study of ours showed the CT enhances the immune responses induced by plasmid DNA applied topically onto the skin [17].

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae