Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Materials

LPS from Salmonella typhimurium was purchased from List Biological Laboratories…

Cell culture and stimulation

… For LPS treatments, cells were pretreated with 100 ng/ml LPS for 30 min, followed by addition of FDx. For PMA treatments, cells were pretreated for 15 min with 100 nM PMA, followed by addition of FDx. For IL34 and CXCL12 treatments, cells were treated with FDx and 100 ng/ml IL34 or 50 nM CXCL12. …

• Product #225 – LPS from Salmonella typhimurium

Induction of EAE (active EAE): We used our standard protocol for the induction of EAE [35]. Briefly, six-to-eight-week old female mice were immunized with MOG35−55 in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA; Sigma-Aldrich) as previously described by us [35]. A total of 200 μg MOG35−55 peptide and 400 μg killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Difco Laboratories) was emulsified in CFA and injected subcutaneously (s.c.) into the flanks of the mice. Additionally, each mouse was injected with 200 ng pertussis toxin (PTX; List Biological Laboratories Inc., Campbell, CA, USA) intraperitoneally (i.p.) on day 0 and day 2 post-immunization. PTX is a critical component of the immunization procedure, and is widely used to induce EAE in C57BL/6 mice [35]. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

EAE was performed as we have done previously35. Briefly, mice were injected s.c. with 100 ug MOG35-55 peptide (GenScript) emulsified in CFA. Mice were also injected i.p. with 300 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories) on days 0 and 2. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… C. difficile toxin A (TcdA; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) …

• Product #152C – Toxin A from Clostridium difficile

Drugs

Diphtheria toxin (DTX; List Biological Laboratories, Product 150) was dissolved in 93 0.9% saline to make 2 mg/ml stock solution and stored at -70° in aliquots. …

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Anti-Protective Antigen (PA) Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In this study, serum samples were assessed for the presence of specific antibodies against the anthrax PA as described by Yu et al. (56), and Ndumnego et al. (23). Briefly, microtiter plates (Thermo Scientific™ Pierce 96-well Plates-Corner, USA) were coated overnight with 0.5 μg/ml rPA (List Biological Laboratories Inc., USA) in bicarbonate buffer at 4°C. …

• Product #171E – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

2.2 Animal experiment

Female BN rats with an age of 3.5-5 weeks were allocated into four groups of 12 rats (Figure 1) for the induction of CMA using a CT-mediated model.27 Half of the rats were gavaged daily with 30 mg of amoxicillin (AMX) in 0.5 mL sterile Milli Q water and the other half with 0.5 mL sterile Milli Q water alone (CTR) for a total of 6 weeks. Starting on Day 7, the oral gavage solutions additionally included 10 mg WPC without (CTR and AMX) or with (CTR+CT and AMX+CT) 20 μg of CT three times per week for 5 weeks. The dose and duration of AMX administration were based on our previous studies in BN rats.25, 28 In order to include rats with a uniform age, the experiment was divided into two separate sets of experiments without (CTR and AMX groups) and with (CTR+CT and AMX+CT groups) CT respectively.

… while CT was purchased from List Biological Laboratories Inc (cat. no. 100B, Cambell, CA, US). …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

… DBA/1 mice were immunized with the emulsion (150µl) at the tail base followed by intraperitoneal administration of pertussis toxin (200ng; List Biological Laboratories) on days 0 and 2 of immunization according to the previous report …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… On the same day and day 2, mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 200 ng of pertussis toxin (PTX) (List Biological Laboratories, USA) …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Rats in Experiment 3 were given a unilateral injection into the PVH of 0.3 µl of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B subunit (CTB; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt