Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Experimental procedures

Since numerous commercial LPS preparations contain measurable contaminating proteins, for this study we utilized ultra-purified LPS (from Escherichia coli O111:B4) purchased from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (Campbell, CA). Mice (C57BL/6: n = 5–8 animals; TLR4−/−: n = 4 animals for each experimental group) were injected with LPS solution (3 mg/kg, i.p.) prepared in sterile PBS (control). …

• Product #421 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

… Pertussis toxin (PTx) was from List Biological Laboratories …

Cytokine and Chemokine Production and Measurement

… To determine the inhibitory effect of PTx on cytokine and chemokine production, pretreatment with PTx (100 ng/mL, 16 h) was performed prior to any stimulation.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Surgery, recordings, and tracer injections

… To precisely locate the left Su5, field potentials responding to electrical
stimulation of the left masseter nerve as well as to passive, sustained jaw-opening movements were
recorded. Then, the glass micropipette was changed to one filled with an anterograde tracer, biotinylated
dextranamine (BDA, 10,000 MW, Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) dissolved in saline in the first
experiment, or to one filled with a retrograde tracer, 1% cholera toxin B subunit (CTb; List Biological
Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) dissolved in 0.02 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) in the
second experiment, in order to reinsert into the Su5. Signals recorded from the microelectrode were
amplified, filtered (300 Hz to 3 kHz), and stored in a computer at the sampling rate of 20 kHz (field
potentials) or 10 kHz (unit activity). Subsequently, BDA or CTb was extracellularly injected into the Su5
with electrophoresis (delivering 2.0-μA positive, 300 ms duration pulses, at 2 Hz, for 3–7 min). …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Cell Culture Conditions and Stimulations

… cells/well in a 96-well plate and stimulated for 24 h with one hundred µL undiluted sera from sham and burned mice. Salmonella minnesota R595 lipid A (List Biological Laboratories, INC Lot #: MLA-24A) was used as a positive control. …

• Product #401 – LIPID A monophosphoryl from Salmonella minnesota R595

In vivo injections

After recovery, each pigeon received unilateral injections of one tracer, BDA (10,000 molecular weight; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) or CTB (low salt; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) on the right hemisphere (Fig. 1a, 1g). BDA (10% in phosphate-buffered saline [PBS], pH 7.4) was used for anterograde labeling, whereas CTB (1% in PBS) was used for retrograde labeling. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Cell surface binding assay

Binding of WT and mutated TcdB to cells was analyzed by the cell surface binding assay21. Briefly, cells were exposed to TcdB (10 nM) or TcdB mutants (10 nM) for 10 min at room temperature. Cells were washed three times with PBS and lysed with RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris, 1% NP40, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, with a protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich). Cell lysates were centrifuged and supernatants were subjected to western blotting using chicken polyclonal anti-TcdB IgY (List Labs, #754A, 1:2000) and goat anti-chicken IgY H&L (HRP) (Abcam, ab97135, 1:2000) antibodies to examine the binding of TcdB mutants. Chicken polyclonal anti-actin antibody (Aves Labs, ACT-1010, 1:2000) was used for negative control.

2.4.2 Oral tolerance induction, sensitization and challenge

… Two days after the last oral administration with the indicated pre-treatment, mice received five consecutive weekly oral sensitizations with 20 mg whey plus 10 µg cholera toxin (CT; List Biological Laboratories, Inc.) as adjuvant in 0.5 ml PBS for Group 2–7 to break oral tolerance for whey, and 10 µg cholera toxin in 0.5 ml PBS for the non-sensitized mice in Group 1. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

2.3 Effect of drug treatment on hormone-induced cilia length control

The following drugs were used in this study: pertussis toxin (PTX; List Biological Laboratories Inc.); …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Diphtheria-toxin-induced depletion of TRMs.

Depletion of TRMs was induced by intranasal instillation of 15 ng per mouse of diptheria toxin (DT, List Biological Laboratories).

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

… Additionally, each site was injected 88 ip with 100 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, 181) immediately after MOG35-55 89 injection and again 2 days after immunization. …

• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)