Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Unloading by BOTOX-induced paralysis

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12-week-old wild type and Sp7-Cre driven Piezo1/2 DKO male mice were anesthetized by isoflurane and then injected with 0.5U botulinum toxin (BTX, List Biological Laboratories) into both the right quadriceps and the right calf muscles. This treatment is a tibial unloading model by muscle paralysis and disuse. 24 hr after BTX injection, mice were unable to use their right hind limb. Left tibiae served as normal loading controls. Since a rapid and profound bone loss could be observed 1 week after BTX injection (Grimston et al., 2007), the mice were euthanized 10 days after injection and the tibiae were analyzed by μCT. A 0.8 mm thick section spanning the proximal tibia metaphysis was analyzed as shown in previous studies (Judex et al., 2004).

Macrophage exposures RAW264.7 cells were seeded into 24-well plates (200,000 cells/well). The next day, the medium was replaced with medium containing the indicated doses of either E. coli O111:B4 LPS (List Biological Labs), PAM3CSK4 (Invivogen), or poly(I:C) (Invivogen). Following the exposure, cells were lysed in RLT for RNA preparation. Additionally, in some studies, supernatant was collected for analysis of cytokine protein levels by ELISA. In the studies in which the cells were given a pulse of LPS, …

• Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

… PBMCs were either left unstimulated (DMSO) or stimulated for 6h at 37 C with either SIVmac239 overlapping Gag/Env peptides (NIH AIDS Reagent Program) at a concentration of 1gml1 or staphylococcal enterotoxin A & B (SEB/AList Biologicals) at 250ngml1 . …

Induction of EAE

EAE was induced using a modification of our previously reported method [15]. In brief, 8-week-old wild type or Sema4A-deficient C57BL/6 female mice were subcutaneously injected with 100 μg MOG35–55 emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) supplemented with intraperitoneal injections of 200 ng pertussis toxin (List Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) on days 0 and 2. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… A continuous intravenous infusion of endotoxin (Escherichia coli O55:B5; List Biologic Laboratories Inc.) was started after collection of baseline images and physiological data in the Mild (2.5 ng/kg/min) and Moderate (10 ng/kg/min) Endotoxemia groups and maintained throughout the experiment …

• Product #203A – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5

… All mice received two doses of 400 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Lab, USA) through an intraperitoneal (ip) injection two hours and forty-eight hours after immunization. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Retrograde tracer injections and animal treatment

Fluoro-Gold (FG; Biotium, Fremont, CA, USA) and cholera toxin subunit B (CTB; List Biological Labs, Campbell, CA, USA) were used to visualize the sensory innervation of the ipsilateral dura mater and facial tissues. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

… cholera toxin -subunit (CTB) goat 1:80000 List Biological

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Toxins and antibodies were obtained from the following sources:… TcdA (cat. 152C, lot 15215A5; List Biological Laboratories, Inc), TcdB (cat. 155L, lot 15521A2; List Biological Laboratories Inc), …

Assessment of Stx Toxicity

Mesenchymal cells embedded in Matrigel grown in 500 μL gut medium were treated with purified Stx2a (30 ng), basolateral medium from Transwells, or other toxins including LPS (10 ng), microcystin-LR (20 ng), C difficile toxin TcdA (100 ng), and TcdB (100 ng) for the indicated times. …

• Product #152C – Toxin A from Clostridium difficile
• Product #155 – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile

… BMDMs plated in 6-well plates (2×106 cells/ml) were primed with purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E.coli (100 ng/ml; List Biological Laboratory, Inc., Campbell, CA) for 4 h. The LPS was washed out with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and -carotene …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.
List Labs provides the following LPS products: https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/