Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

… agents were added 60 min before the challenge with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (10 ng/ml, Escherichia coli 055:B5; List Biological Laboratories …

• Product #203A – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5

Transganglionic tracer injection:

DCN labeling using transganglionic axonal tracers was performed as described in our previous report⁹. Briefly, rats (n=3) were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injections of Ketamine (75mg/kg, Bioniche, Morgantown, WV)/Dexmedetomidine (0.25mg/kg, Dexdomitor, Pfizer, New York, NY) and DCNs at T7 and T13 spinal levels were exposed through a skin incision along the median line across thoracic areas. Transganglionic axonal tracers, IB4 (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) and CTB (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) were dissolved in sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4) for injections (1 ul of 2% solution for each tracer). IB4 was injected into left DCNs and CTB into right DCNs, at both T7 and T13 spinal levels. A 30-gauge needle with a Hamilton syringe (75RN, Hamilton, Reno, NV) was inserted into a proximal site of each DCN, and injections were made using a motorized pump (Model #310, Stoelting Co., Wood Dale, IL) for over 1minute. Then, the skin was closed with surgical staples. Animals were recovered from anesthesia with a reversal drug, Antisedan (2mg/kg, Pfizer), and they received post-operative care including saline injections as needed with daily monitoring.

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Immunohistochemistry:

Free-floating sections were immunostained for CTb, NeuN or cFos by overnight incubation in goat anti-CTb (List Biological Laboratories, 7032A9, 1: 50,000 dilution), mouse anti-NeuN (Millipore, MAB-377, 1: 5000 dilution), or rabbit anti-cFos (Millipore, ABE457, 1:1000 dilution) primary in PBS with 0.25% Triton-X and 0.05% sodium azide. Afterwards, tissue was washed three times in PBS and incubated in biotinylated donkey-anti-goat, anti-mouse or anti-rabbit secondary (1:1000 dilution, Jackson Immunoresearch, West Grove, PA) for 30 min, followed by three 30 s rinses in PBS, followed by 1 hr in avidin-biotin complex (Vector). For TH-staining, tissue was then rinsed in sodium acetate buffer (0.1M, pH 7.4), followed by incubation for 5 min in 1% diaminobenzidine (DAB). For cFos and NeuN staining, nickel and hydrogen peroxide (Vector) were added to reveal a blue-black reaction product.

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

… Goat anti-Cholera Toxin B List Biological List Biological Cat# 703; …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Efferocytosis Assay:

Efferocytosis was assessed by flow cytometry [68]. Briefly, 5 10⁵/well monocyte-derived human M2(IL-4+IL-10+Dex) macrophages or M2(Dex) macrophages were preincubated with 10 nM recombinant PA (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA), 10 nM recombinant EF (List Biological Laboratories), or various concentrations of PA + EF (ET) for 4 h at 37 C in 5% CO₂ atmosphere. Fluorescently-labeled apoptotic human PMN were preincubated with 10% serum, Protein S, or MFGE8 for 1 h unless otherwise noted and then added to the macrophages, resulting in a macrophage:PMN ratio of 1:5. After 1 h at 37 C in 5% CO₂ atmosphere, the percentage macrophages containing intracellular (eFluor 670⁺) but not surface-bound (surface CD66b) PMN was assessed by flow cytometry.

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Author did not specify which List Labs Anthrax Edema Factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #178A (Anthrax Edema Factor (EF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #173B (Anthrax Edema Factor (EF), Recombinant, Mutant S447N from B. anthracis).

EAE:

…Pertussis toxin (500ng; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was injected intraperitoneally on days 0 and 2. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… After baseline measurements, endotoxin was intravenously infused throughout the experiment to model either moderate (10 ng/kg/min, Escherichia coli O55:B5, List Biologic Laboratories Inc, Campbell, California) or mild (2.5 ng/kg/min) endotoxemic states. …

• Product #203A – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5

Tetanus Neurotoxin Preparation:

… We acquired tetanus neurotoxin from clostridium tetani in solid form from multiple vendors (List Labs, …

• Product #190 – Tetanus Toxin from Clostridium tetani

Reagents – … Cholera toxin (CT) was purchased from List Biological Laboratories Inc. (Campbell, CA).

Experimental set-up: oral sensitization,immunotherapy, and challenges of mice:

The experimental design is depicted in Figure 1. After randomization and acclimatization (1 week), mice were sensitized intragastrically (i.g.) to PE (6 mg in 200 L PBS) using CT (15 µg/mouse) as an adjuvant, according to the method described by van Wijk et al (day 0, 1, 2, 7, 14, 21, and 28).18S ham-sensitized mice were treated with CT in PBS alone.  Starting on day 42, the mice were dosed i.g. with theoral immunotherapy treatment (OIT, 15 mg PE in 500 LPBS) five times/week, for 3 weeks (day 4260).  Sham-sensitized and allergen-sensitized control mice were treated i.g. with PBS alone. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Chemicals and cereals:

… Cholera toxin was obtained from List Biological Laboratories …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae