Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

… in Columns (ThermoFisher, 88274) according to the 1159 manufacturer’s protocol. 2 µg/mL endotoxin-removed active and inactive flatox proteins were mixed with 2 µg/mL Anthrax Protective Antigen (List Biological Laboratories, 171E) and then were added to iBMDMs. After 6 hours, cells were treated or …

• Product #171E – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Biological materials.

E. coli 055 : B5 LPS (Lot # 20318 A4) was obtained from List Biologicals. All data presented in this study were generated with the same batch of E. coli 055 : B5 LPS. The synthetic lipid A derivatives were reconstituted as 2 mg/mL in 90 % THF/10 % water. Stock solutions in small aliquots were stored at −80 °C.

• Product #203A – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5

Retrograde tracer microinjections into the VRC

… A 20 nl unilateral injection of cholera toxin B (CTB) was pneumatically injected over 3–5 min into the VRC using a glass capillary micropipette of diameter 20–40 μm at 6.2 mm deep to lambda (1%; List Biological, Campbell, CA) (Fig. 1). The pipette was left in place for 5 min before withdrawal. At the conclusion of injections, the incision was closed with silk sutures, isoflurane was discontinued, and once ambulatory, animals were returned to their home cage for 3–5 days to allow for CTB transport. Carprofen (5 mg/kg, s.c.) was administered once daily for pain relief.

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

4.3. Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model

EAE was induced as described previously [6,16]. Mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of a solution containing 0.2 mL of 10 mg/mL ketamine (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 1 mg/mL xylazine (Sigma). A total of 300 µg of MOG peptide 35–55 emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA; BD Difco, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) with 2.5 mg/mL mycobacterium tuberculosis (Difco) was subcutaneously injected at different sites on their back (2 doses of 150 µg each) to immunize them. Control, non-EAE mice (n = 5) were injected with an equivalent volume of PBS (1X phosphate-buffered saline, PH 7.4; Corning, Corning, NY, USA) diluted in CFA. A total of 200 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological, Campbell, CA, USA) was injected intraperitoneally in control and immunized mice at immunization and 2 days post-immunization. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Materials

… Pertussis toxin (PTX) was ordered from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA, USA). …

Inositol phosphates (IP) accumulation assay

Transfected cells were labeled with 2 μCi/mL of myo-[3H]inositol in 10% (v/v) FBS-containing MEM and treated with PTX whenever necessary. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

2.4 Detection of TcdB toxins in stool samples via ELISA

TcdB toxins in stool samples from the control and infected rodents were detected via ELISA. The collected stool samples were suspended in 10% (wt/vol) PBS (pH 7.4). Thereafter, the fecal suspensions were seeded into 96-well plates and incubated at 4°C overnight. This was followed by washing with PBST (PBS pH 7.4 + 0.05% tween-20) after which the plate was blocked with 0.5% BSA at 37°C for 2 h. TcdB polyclonal antibodies (List Biological Laboratories Campbell, CA, United States; Chicken IgY, 1:1000 dilution ratio) were used for the first hybridization process, while goat anti-chicken IgY secondary antibody and horse radish peroxidase (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA; 1:5000 dilution ratio) were used for the second hybridization. The ELISA-TMB Chromogenic Reagent kit (Sangon, Shanghai, China) was used to determine the absorbance at 450 nm. Pure TcdB toxin (List Biological Laboratories) was used as the positive control, and standard curves were generated.

• Product #155 – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile
• Product #754A – Anti-Clostridium difficile Toxin B (Chicken lgY)

Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays

… To assess the role of Gαi/o proteins in 5-HT-mediated responses, cells were pretreated with pertussis toxin (PTX;100ng/mL, 18h; List Biological Laboratories) before agonist stimulation.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis induction and clinical investigation

The MOG35–55 (MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK) peptide was purchased from COVALAB with a purity grade > 95%. 8- to 12-week-old mice were immunized subcutaneously at the base of the tail with 200 µL of an emulsion of 0.5 mg/mL of MOG35–55 peptide in CFA containing 0.5 mg/mL of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Strain H37, Difco Franklin Lakes NJ). Mice were injected intravenously with 200 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA.) at days 0 and 2 post-immunization. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… On the day of immunization and 2 days after, mice received 200 ng of pertussis toxin (PTx) (List Biological Laboratories) in 100 µl PBS i.v. Mice were weighed daily and scored for EAE clinical signs. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Experiment 1: diphtheria toxin treatment and EEG monitoring of Vgat ablation mice.

EEG-implanted mice injected with AAV9-CAG-frt-DTr were allowed to recover for 2 weeks after surgery (Table 1, Experiment 1), followed by a week of baseline 24/7 video-EEG monitoring. Beginning in the fourth week after virus injections, mice were treated with diphtheria toxin
or saline. Diphtheria toxin (List Biological Laboratories, #150) was prepared in sterile normal saline at 0.1 mg/ml and stored
frozen in aliquots at −80°C. Diphtheria toxin was diluted to a concentration of 5 ng/µl the day of use in normal saline. Mice were injected intraperitoneally at 20 µg/kg with diphtheria toxin once per day for 5 d. Video-EEG monitoring continued through treatment and for an additional 2–4 weeks after treatment.

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae