Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Mouse models and treatments:

…DT (6.25 ng/g, IP, List Biological Laboratories) was injected at either P1 or P6 into Pou4f3^DTR/+ mice.

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

… Such micropipettes were filled with a solution of cholera-toxin B subunit (CTB, 2% in distilled water; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Tracer injections:

Animals were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a mixture of 45% ketamine (100 mg/ml), 35% xylazine (20 mg/ml), and 20% saline at a dose of 0.16 ml/100 g body weight. Several minutes later, they were placed into a Kopf stereotaxic instrument and injected in the VTA on one side of the brainstem with the subunit of cholera toxin (Ct; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA). Ct (10%) was dissolved in 0.1 M Sorensons phosphate buffer (SPB; pH 7.4) and injected iontophoretically from a 1.0-mm filament-containing borosilicate glass pipette pulled to a diameter of 20 m. The injections were made over a period of 15 minutes using positive pulses of 3 A (7 seconds on/7 seconds off). …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Anatomical studies

Retrograde tracer nanoinjection:

In a separate group of rats (n = 5), IHC was performed to determine if PVN presympathetic neurons express NPY Y1R, thereby providing a potential substrate for their direct inhibition by NPY. These neurons were identified following RVLM nanoinjections of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin subunit b (CTb; List Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA).

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Reagents and Treatment:

Ultrapure LPS (Escherichia coli 0111:B4) was purchased from List Biological Laboratories (Vandell Way, CA). …

Results:

LPS Stimulates an Autophagy-Like Process in Liver and Hepatocytes – 

We first wanted to determine whether LPS induced autophagy in hepatocytes via TLR4 activation. To do this we investigated LC3II expression and puncta formation, a standard method of assessing autophagy [27], in liver and hepatocytes at time points after LPS treatment in vitro and in vivo. Wild type C57BL/6 (WT) mice were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with LPS (5mg/kg), and livers were harvested after 6 or 24h. Whole cell liver lysates then underwent immunoblot analysis. We found that LC3II protein expression in liver increased significantly compared with baseline (0h; no LPS) and peaked at 6h (Figure 1(a)) suggesting that autophagy increased in liver after LPS in vivo. Similarly, primary hepatocytes isolated from WT mice and treated with LPS (100ng/mL) in a time-course up to 24h also showed increased LC3II protein expression over time (Figure 1(b)) suggesting LPS-mediated upregulation of autophagy in hepatocytes in vitro. …

• Product #421 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

In vitro interleukin (IL)-1 secretion from BMDMs:

BMDMs (110⁵/well) were seeded into 48-well plates and cultured overnight. Then cells were primed with 10 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA). Five hours later, cells were stimulated with the indicated dose and size of silica particles or with 1 mM ATP (Wako, Osaka, Japan) for four hours at 37C. …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

… Unilateral intraocular of 70 l of an aqueous solution of CTb (List biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA) to 5%, containing sulfoxide (DMSO) to 10% with… CTb Goat [1:5000] List biological  …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt
• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

The Anthrax Lethal Factor was obtained from List Biological Laboratories, INC.

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169L (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

Pertussis Toxin von Bordetella pertussis PTX 100 ng/L H2O List Biological Lab. Inc

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

EAE:

EAE was actively induced by immunization with 200 µg of MOG peptide in an emulsion (1:1 by volume) with CFA containing 10 mg/mL heat-inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RA…In addition, 300 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories) was administered to the mice on the same day and again 2 d later.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)