Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Chemicals and Reagents:

PA and LF were purchased from List Biological Laboratories…Batches of PA and LF had different potency, accounting for the different amounts used in different experiments, each of which included control data for the same toxin batch.

Toxin Treatment and Cell-Viability Assay:

Cells were seeded in a 96-well plate at a density of 2 10⁵ cells/mL 1 d before toxin treatment. Various concentrations of PA combined with a fixed concentration of LF (200 ng/mL) were added to the wells, and cells were incubated for 4 h at 37 C.

Immunofluorescence Microscopy.

PA protein was labeled with Alexa-Fluor 488 using the protein-labeling kit…

Biochemical Assay of PA Binding and Internalization.

Cells were exposed to 1 g/mL of PA at 4 C for 1 h for the binding assay and then were shifted to 37 C for the indicated time for the internalization kinetics assay.

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Cell culture and differentiation:

CD4+ T cells were cultured for 24 d in serum-free X-VIVO 15 medium.  …CT (List Biological Laboratories), …were added at various concentrations to the culture media as indicated.

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Tissue processing and anatomical reconstruction:

Spinal cord:

Before the spinal cord was removed, the level of the spinal cord lesion was identified and marked with pins contralateral to the lesion, one just rostral and the other just caudal. This enabled us to reliably identify the lesion in the processed sections, and also served as alignment landmarks during reconstruction. The perilesioned spinal cord was sectioned horizontally. An alternating series of horizontal sections was reacted for cytochrome oxidase, enabling clear demarcation of the gray and white matter. Another series was incubated with primary goat anti-CTB (1:4000; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) diluted in …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Reagents:

LPS (catalog no. 421) was purchased from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA). 

• Product #421 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

HGF expression and secretion from myofibroblasts:

Myofibroblasts from three to four independent primary myofibroblast cultures isolated from intestines of Apc^min/+ or Apc^min/+/Epim^/ mice were plated (3 10⁵ cells per well in 6-well plates) and grown for 48 h in myofibroblast culture media containing FBS. Media was removed and replaced with serum-free (SF) myofibroblast media, SF myofibroblast media containing LPS (5 g/ml; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA), …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

… In the experiments using the inhibitors, cells were pretreated, alone or in combination, with either vehicle (water) or 100 ng/ml pertussis toxin (PTX) (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

EAE:

… On the day of immunization and again two days later, each mouse was injected ip with 200 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA). EAE severity was assessed daily as …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Induction of EAE and Clinical Evaluation:

For the PLP-induced EAE, SJL/J female mice (5-7 weeks old) were immunized subcutaneously (s.c.) with 200 µg of PLP139-151 peptide in a 0.2 ml emulsion comprised of equal volumes of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution and CFA containing killed mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37RA at a final concentration of 4 mg/ml (Difco, Detroit, MI). The PLP/CFA emulsion was administered to regions above the shoulder and the flanks (total of 4 sites; 50 µl at each injection site). In addition, 200 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) on the day of immunization (day 0) and 48 h post-immunization.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Immunization procedures:

To measure recall responses, peptides were emulsified in complete Freunds adjuvant (CFA) and administered s.c. (50 g/mouse) in the inguinal and sternal regions and foot-pads (Massilamany et al., 2011a, 2011b). For disease induction, peptides were emulsified in CFA supplemented with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RA extract (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI) to a final concentration of 5 mg/ml, and the emulsions were administered at indicated doses s.c. in the inguinal and sternal regions and base of the tail. Additionally, pertussis toxin (PT; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was administered i.p. at indicated doses on day 0 and day 2 postimmunization ( Silver et al., 1995; Namba et al., 1998).

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Cell transfers:

… For BALB/c donors, cells were incubated with CellTrace Violet… In some experiments, cells were incubated with 200 ng/ml pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories) for 1 h before transfer. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)