Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Muscle afferent tracing:

As a way to assess completeness of deafferentation, 7 days after DRR, we made bilateral injections of the transganglionic tracer cholera toxin B subunit (CTB; List Biological Laboratories, 1% in distilled water) into the surgically exposed extensor carpi radialis (ECR) or biceps brachii muscles to label muscle afferents. A volume of 10 µl was slowly injected into multiple intramuscular locations using a Hamilton syringe (24-gauge). We have optimized the CTB injections to maximally label the motoneurons of injected muscles, taking advantage of recent findings that many forelimb motor pools have an extended rostrocaudal distribution…

Spinal tissue preparation and CTB staining:

… All staining was conducted on free-floating section, and sections were mounted on gelatin-coated slides. Sections of C3 to T1 spinal cord were processed for CTB labeling.

Immunofluorescence staining of CTB has been described previously (Tan et al., 2012). Briefly, free-floating sections were incubated at room temperature (RT) in PBS containing goat anti-CTB primary antibody (1: 1000; List Biologicals) in blocking buffer…

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt
• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Retrograde tracer experiments:

Injections of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B subunit (CTB from List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) were targeted to the medial preoptic area (n = 6) and the arcuate nucleus (n=6), unilaterally…Glass micropipettes of 15-20µm internal diameter were filled with 0.25% CTB dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 (PB) and lowered to the following stereotaxic coordinates…Once the pipette was in place, the CTB was injected by iontophoresis using a constant current source…

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Cell culture and treatments:

Human bronchial epithelial (HBE1) cells (generously provided by Dr. Reen Wu at the University of California, Davis [27]) were cultured at 37 C in 95% humidified air containing 5% CO₂ using Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM/F-12) supplemented with 50 U/ml penicillin, 50 g/ml streptomycin, 10 ng/ml cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Inc.), …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Materials:

The following variants of LPS were used in these experiments: Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re) from List Biological Laboratories, Inc., cat # 304; …

• Product #304 – LPS from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re)

Lipopolysaccharide challenge:

Mice were intravenously injected at 0900h with 50 g/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Salmonella minnesota R595 (List Biological Laboratories Inc, Hornby, Canada) into the tail vein. Blood samples were collected after 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes for cytokine analysis.

• Product #304 – LPS from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induction:

EAE was induced in 812 week old male and female mice by subcutaneous injection into the flanks and base of tail of 125g of MOG_35-55 (MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK) or PLP_139-151 (HSLGKWLGHPDKF) (Auspep, Australia) emulsified in Complete Freunds Adjuvant containing 4mg/ml Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (Difco, Detroit, MI). Mice also received an intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of 400ng pertussis toxin (List Biological, Campbell, CA) on days 0 and 3 of induction. Assessments of EAE severity were performed daily according to a 9-point paraplegia scale with 0.5-point increments …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis induction:
 
2.2.2 Immunization of mice
 
Mice were immunized by a subcutaneous injection of 100µl of the prepared emulsion in
the ventral thorax, with an injection of 50µl in two sides in the chest (left and right side).
At the time of immunization and 2 days after, mice were injected intraperitoneally with
75ng/ml pertussis toxin (List Biologicals, Campbell, CA). 

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

EAE:

Pertussis toxin (300 ng; PTX, List Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was injected intravenously on the day of MOG 35 – 55 immunization and two days later. The remaining six sham mice underwent the same immunization procedure with only IFA without MOG 35 – 55 . Mice were assessed daily for neurological disabilities using a standard clinical score [ 33 ] system: …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Materials and methods – Reagents:

… LPS was purchased from List Biological Lab (Campbell, CA). …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

ELISAs for the avidity measurement of anti-DFS70 autoantibodies and anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies:

The ELISAs were performed as previously described [13-16], with modifications. Microtiter wells (Medisorp; Nunc, Roskilde, Denmark) were coated with recombinant DFS70 [9] or diphtheria toxoid (DT; List Biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA) in PBS (1 and 2 g/ ml, respectively). …

• Product #151 – Diphtheria Toxoid, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae