Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

EAE induction and treatment:

…In addition, pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was administered (200 ng/mouse) intraperitoneally on day 0 and day 2 post-immunization. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Tracing of myelinated afferent fiber projections to the dorsal horn:

The transganglionic tracer, cholera toxin B-subunit (CTB) has been used to map the central projections of cutaneous myelinated primary afferents, in the spinal dorsal horn of rats [35]. After 5 weeks EA treatment, CTB (1%, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was injected into left sciatic nerve of vehicle-, RTX-, EA- and sham EA-treated rats to determine the effect of EA on RTX-induced sprouting of myelinated afferent fibers labeled by CTB in the dorsal horn. The sciatic nerve was exposed at the midthigh level after the rats were anesthetized with 10% chloralic hydras (3.5 ml/kg, i.p). 4 µL volumes of CTB tracers was loaded into Hamilton microsyringes and injected into the sciatic nerves on left side of the body.

…For goat anti-CTB immunofluorescence labeling, the sections were rinsed in 0.1 M PBS and blocked for 1 hr with 5% donkey serum and 0.2% tween-20 in PBS, followed by incubation at 37°C for 1 hr then at 4C overnight with the primary antibody (goat anti-CTB, dilution 1:800; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) diluted in PBS containing 5% donkey serum, 0.3% Triton X-100. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt
• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Experimental Protocol:

All studies were performed in male C57Bl/6 mice, greater than 2 months in age (2530 gm) from Charles River Laboratories. Mice were injected i.p. with LPS (Escherichia coli 055, LPS no. B5, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) in doses of 0.1, 1.0, 10 or 20 mg/kg (volume diluted with saline in 0.5 ml). Mice were injected with 0.5 ml of saline as a control.

NOTE:  At the time this paper was written, Product #203 (5mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) was utilized.

Product #203 (5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is no longer sold.

Product #203A (2.5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is available for purchase.

• Product #203A – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5

Immunizations with YopE and OVA peptides:

…Mice were lightly anesthetized by isoflurane and immunized intranasally with a 15 µl saline solution containing 10 µg peptide and 1 µg cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratory, Campbell, CA). Mice were …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Neuroanatomical Methods:

Our neuroanatomical studies used standard retrograde labeling techniques in 2 rats, 1 monkey, and 4 cats, using a standard lab protocol (Craig, 1993, 2008). …The microelectrode is then withdrawn, and one to six iontophoretic injections of CTb or of 10,000 MW dextran labeled with Alexa 546 or Alexa 594 dextran (10% in distilled water; Molecular Probes) are made by replacing the recording electrode with a back-filled micropipette (tip ca. 15 m) and passing 5-8 A pulsed positive current for 8-30 min. … Injections restricted to lamina I or laminae I-II have been made in many cases in cat and monkey in this laboratory without spread to the deep dorsal horn, as documented in prior publications (e.g., Craig, 1993, 1995; Craig et al., 1999). In 2 rats, a micropipette was inserted just below the left L2 pia mater and 100nL of the tracer cholera toxin subunit B (CTb; 1%, List Biological, Campbell, CA) was pressure injected, as before [Ericson & Blomqvist 1988]. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Inhibition assays were performed for the recombinant light chain of BoNT/A, which is catalytically active, while binding assays used non-activated BoNT/A heavy and light chain complex. Confirmation of binding to whole BoNT/A was important because the catalytic site is expected to be partially occluded in the whole BoNT/A, which may affect efficacy of the inhibitor in vivo. …

…Toxin was obtained from List Biological Laboratories

Materials:

…and pertussis toxin was from List Biologicals (Campbell, CA). …

Experimental anesthetic DILI:

Hepatitis was induced by injecting the mice subcutaneously with TFA-S100 (200 g) emulsified in an equal volume of CFA on days 0 and 7, as previously described [5]. In addition, 500 ng of pertussis toxin was injected intramuscularly in the hind flank on day 0. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Experimental Procedures:

Animals – Cgrp-GFP^/ female mice (McCoy et al., 2012) (available from MMRRC:36773) were crossed with male Advillin-Cre^/ mice (Hasegawa et al., 2007) to generate double heterozygous CGRP^+/; Advillin-Cre^+/ (CGRP-DTR^+/) mice. Heterozygous offspring were used for all experiments and have one functional Calca allele. All mice were backcrossed to C57BL/6 mice for at least eight generations.

Diphtheria toxin (DTX; List Biological Laboratories, Product 150) was dissolved in sterile 0.9% saline and stored at 20C in aliquots that were thawed once. DTX from List Biological was used for all (of the following) experiments…(1) Sensory neuron markers in lumbar DRG from CGRP-DTR+/- mice. (2) CGRP-IR afferents ablated in hairy skin.  (3) Ablation of Mrgpra3-expressing (chloroquine receptor) DRG neurons in CGRP-DTR+/- mice. (4)  DTX-treatment does not affect cold or heat sensitivity in wild-type mice or body weight.

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

… 1.5 hours after the adaptation of animals to experimental conditions control measurements of recorded parameters were made (twice with 30 min interval). Injection of endotoxin (3 g/kg, lipopolysaccharide, LPS, Escherichia coli, 0111:B4, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA; lot No LPS-25E) or apyrogenic saline (APS, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL 60,064; lot No 18-379-DK) was performed intraperitoneally of intravenously through silicone catheter in the amount not exceeding 0.5 ml. Tr monitoring was continuously carried out for at least 7 hours after the injection. 

• Product #201 – LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

… Pertussis toxin (PTX) stock Dissolve PTX (List Biological Laboratories) in sterile 0.1 M NaPO 4 /0.5 M NaCl, pH 7.0. Do not sterile filter the solution. Store in evaporation-resistant containers 6 to 12 months at 4C. The high ionic strength helps preserve PTX activity for long-term storage at 4C.

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)