Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Bone Marrow-derived Macrophage (BMDM) Isolation and Culture:

… For stimulation/activation, media were changed on day 6 to low glucose DMEM (5.5 mm) with 1% non-essential amino acids (Invitrogen), 7% FBS, 30% L929 cell-conditioned medium, and antibiotics. BMDMs were variably stimulated with…ultrapure LPS (E. coli 0111:B4; List Biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA), …

• Product #421 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Escherichia coli O111:B4

Induction and treatment of EAE:

… Pertussis toxin (200 ng; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was administered iv on days 0 and 2. For preventive or treatment protocols of EAE, …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Measurement of antigen-specific IgG levels by ELISA:

…To measure anti-tetanus toxoid IgG titers and determine IgG subclass, we randomly selected plasma samples from eight pairs of matched HbAA and HbAS children in each age group (35, 68 and 911 years) and tested them (n = 48) at a 1500 dilution. Tetanus toxoid was purchased from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (Campbell, CA).

• Product #191 – Tetanus Toxoid from Clostridium tetani

… Toxin activity in culture supernatants was quantified based on a standard curve, which was generated using known concentrations of purified C. difficile toxin B (List Biological Laboratories, Inc). Assays were performed in triplicate for each isolate tested. …

• Product #155 – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile

Fluorescent Tracing Using Cholera Toxin B Subunit:

…Sections were incubated with a goat anti- CTB antiserum (List Biological Laboratories,# 703, 1: 60000) in PBS-XD overnight at room temperature. …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Induction of EAE in mice by immunization with MOG and adjuvant and treatment with different hexamers:

EAE was induced by procedures… All mice were administered 400 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological) intraperitoneal at 0 and 48 h post-immunization. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Specimen Preparation and EM:

The BoNT/A1 (Product #130), /B (Product #136), and /E (Product #141) PCs were purified by List Biological Laboratories and stored in lyophilized form.

… PA and LF used for the toxin neutralization assay were purchased from List Biological Laboratories. …

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Toxins:

TcdA and TcdB were purchased from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. (Campbell, CA) and tgcBIOMICS GmbH (Mainz, Germany). List Biological Laboratories toxins were purchased in vials containing 20 to 25 g of lyophilized protein and stored at 4C. Toxins were reconstituted on the day of the assay to ensure maximum activity. tgcBIOMICS toxins were stored at 20C, and fresh aliquots were thawed as needed. Here, List Biological Laboratories is referred to as supplier 1, and tgcBIOMICS is referred to as supplier 2.

C. difficile toxoid vaccine preparation:

Lyophilized C. difficile TcdA and TcdB from supplier 1 (selected due to lower cost and availability of material) were each reconstituted and then buffer exchanged by dialysis into morpholinepropanesulfonic acid (MOPS)-buffered saline (for monkey immunization) or into 20 mM HEPES-buffered saline (pH 7.4) (for hamster immunization) to obtain final concentrations of 0.3 to 0.4 mg/ml based on the toxin quantity measured by the manufacturer. The toxins were converted to the toxoid state by addition of formaldehyde to 0.43% and lysine to 4.2 mg/ml and incubation for 16 to 18 days at 2C to 8C.

• Product #152C – Toxin A from Clostridium difficile
• Product #155 – Toxin B from Clostridium difficile

Peanut Sensitization Protocol and Intraperitoneal Challenge:

Female C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old) were sensitized to peanuts by oral gavage treatment weekly with 1 mg peanut protein from Kraft peanut butter and 10 µg cholera toxin (List Biological Laboratories) in 100 µL of sterile water. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae