Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Iontophoretic tracer delivery:

Rats were anesthetized by halothane or isoflurane inhalation… A solution of 1% cholera toxin subunit B (CTB; List Biological Labs, Campbell, CA, USA) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) or… During the descent of the glass pipette into the brain, a 0.5 A retaining current was used to minimize molecular diffusion of tracer from the pipette tip. CTB was unilaterally iontophoresed into the BSTvl (from bregma: 0.3 posterior, +2.8 lateral, 7.0 ventral; 10 angle) or…

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Dieser Effekt konnte unabhngig vom Dt-Hersteller (Merck, List Biological Laboratories, Sigma-Aldrich) und in unterschiedlich hohen Dosen (1 g, 0,5 g sowie 0,1 g pro Maus) demonstriert werden. …

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

… Pertussis-Toxin; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

LCA Endopeptidase Substrate Calibration:

A calibration curve for the SNAPtide used in the LCA endopeptidase kinetics was created using Product #528 (List Biological Labs), an unquenched SNAPtide peptide. The following concentrations of unquenched SNAPtide were prepared in 100.0 L total volume using 20 mM HEPES, 0.1% v/v TWEEN-20, pH 7.6 (assay buffer): 0.0125, 0.0250, 0.0500, 0.100, 0.200, 0.400, 0.600 and 0.800 M. …

Fluorescence Internal Quenching (FIQ) Correction Factor:

A SNAPtide stock solution (2.5 mM in DMSO, List Biological Labs, Product #521) was diluted to 0.200 mM in the assay buffer before further dilutions. The unquenched SNAPtide stock solution (500 M in DMSO) was diluted to 50.0 M in assay buffer prior to further dilutions. …

• Product #528 – Unquenched Calibration Peptide for SNAPtide 521 Substrate for C. botulinum Type A Neurotoxin
• Product #521 – SNAPtide Peptide Substrate (FITC/DABCYL) for C. botulinum Type A Neurotoxin

For EAE induction, mice were s.c. immunized with 115 µg MOG 3555 peptide (Washington Biotech) emulsified in CFA (Difco) supplemented with 400 µg/mL Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Difco). On days 0 and 2 postimmunization, mice were i.p. injected with 300 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological).

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… or 30% CB-FITC (List Biological Laboratories Inc., Campbell, CA) (all diluted in artificial cerebrospinal fluid …

• Product #106 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (CTB) from Vibrio cholerae FITC, Conjugate

Cell stimulation:

Cells were infected with H1N1 inuenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8; Charles RiverLaboratories) (orH3N2inuenzaX31where indicated;PaulThomas, St. Judes, Memphis, TN) at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 virions/DC and encephalomyocarditis virus at an MOI of 2. Cells were treated with 30 mM poly(I:C) (Invitrogen), 30 mM R848, 1 mg/ml LPS (List Biological), …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

Antibody Characterization:

Goat polyclonal antiserum against cholera toxin b subunit (CTb) (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA). Kishi and colleagues (Kishi et al., 2000) demonstrated that this antibody stains CTb injection sites and retrogradely labeled neurons in the rat brain. As well, in present study this antibody clearly stained CTb injection sites and retrogradely labeled neurons in the mouse brain, but it did not stain brain sections from animals without CTb injections (data not shown), indicating that this antibody has no cross-reactivity to any of endogenous antigens in the mouse brain. The antibody is registered in the JCN Antibody Database and has been frequently and successfully used in many other studies (Al-Khater et al., 2008; Howorth et al., 2009; Wittmann et al., 2009)

Stereotaxic surgery for retrograde neuronal tracing:

Surgical procedure was followed as previously described (Chamberlin et al., 1998; Gautron et al., 2010a). Briefly, MC4R-GFP mice were anesthetized with ketamine HCl/xylazine HCl (80:12 mg/kg, i.p.) and restrained in a Kopf (Tujunga, CA) stereotaxic apparatus. A small hole was drilled into the skull under aseptic conditions. A glass micropipette connected to an air pressure injector system or iontophoresis machine was positioned via the stereotaxic manipulator. Approximately 50100 nL of retrograde tracer, fluorogold (Fluorochrome, CO, USA) or cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) (List Biological Laboratories), was slowly administered into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) (3.2 mm from bregma, 1.1 mm lateral with 10 degree injection arm, …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt
• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

… Goat anti-CTB was made by List Biological Labs (Campbell, CA). …

• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Supplemental Experimental Procedures:
 
Cell culture Bone marrow-derived macrophages were generated from femur exudates of mice by culture for 7 days at 37C in 5% CO2 in DMEM (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% FCS, 5 mM HEPES, 0.2 mg/ml L- glutamine, 0.05 mM 2-ME, 50 mg/ml gentamicin sulfate, and 10,000 U/ml penicillin and streptomycin with 30% L cell-conditioned medium. Macrophages were then washed with PBS containing 1 mM EDTA, suspended in phenol red-free antibiotic-free DMEM supplemented with 5% FCS, activated with 100 ng/ml ultrapure LPS from Salmonella Minnesota (List Biologicals), and allowed to adhere for approximately 18 hr.

• Product #434 – ULTRA PURE LPS from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re)