Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

2.2. Experimental Verification In Vitro

2.2.1. Cells and Reagents
… Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli was purchased from List Labs, …

2.2.2. RT-qPCR Analysis
THP-1 cells were differentiated with PMA for 12 h, followed by treatment with LPS (100 ng/mL) containing different concentrations of Equol for 8 h. …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.
List Labs provides the following LPS products: https://www.listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

2.3.1. Induction of EAE in Female Mice

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced by immunizing 10–12 week old female C57BL/6J mice (20–25 g body weight) with MOG35–55 peptide of mouse myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein as previously described [25,26,27,51]. … A total of 200 μL of the respective emulsion (either MOG/CFA (experimental group) or CFA (control group)) was subcutaneously administered in the axillary and groin region of the mice. Blood–brain barrier permeability was enhanced by two intraperitoneal injections of 200 ng pertussis toxin (PTX) from B. pertussis (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA; #181). …

• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)

Macrophage polarization

BMDMs were stimulated with the following conditions for 48hrs to induce respective M0 and M2b polarizations: M0- DMSO (naïve control, 1uL/mL media), M2b- Immune complex (IC) of Ova and anti-Ova antibodies (Polysciences, #23744-5, ova: 0.046ug/uL, anti-ova: 0.63 ug/uL) and LPS (from Salmonella Minnesota R595, List Biological Laboratories, 304, 10 ng/mL). Macrophages were then washed with PBS and used for subsequent experiments.

• Product #304 – LPS from Salmonella minnesota R595 (Re)

Induction and Clinical Grading of EAE

EAE mice were obtained from Salari Institute of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders (SICBD; Alborz, Karaj, Iran). Mice were individually weighed and anesthetized with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 50 mg/kg ketamine and 5 mg/kg xylazine. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35–55 (300 μg in saline; MOG 35–55; KJ Ross-Petersen ApS, Denmark) was combined with an equal volume of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA; Sigma, USA) containing 500 μg of heat-killed mycobacterium tuberculosis. Then, this emulsion was injected subcutaneously at the base of the tail of each mouse. The mice also received i.p. injection of pertussis toxin (300 ng in 100 μl PBS; List Biological Lab, USA) [28, 29]. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Corticospinal projection neuron and callosal projection neuron FACS-purification

Corticospinal projection neurons and callosal projection neurons were purified from C57BL/6J mice as previously described.49,77 Briefly, corticospinal projection neurons were retrogradely labeled at P1 from the cerebral peduncle by injection of cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) from Vibrio cholerae with FITC conjugate (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) under ultrasound microscopic guidance. At P2, neuron bodies in the motor cortex were isolated by microdissection of deep cortical layers, and dissociated to a single cell suspension by papain digestion and mechanical trituration. Callosal projection neurons were retrogradely labeled on P1 by injection of CTB into the contralateral hemisphere under ultrasound microscopic guidance. …

• Product #106 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (CTB) from Vibrio cholerae FITC, Conjugate

In vivo adeno-associated virus delivery

… To reduce DP macrophages, diphtheria toxin (DT) (List Biological Laboratories) was diluted in PBS and administered to mice IP acutely (25 ng/mg body weight) or chronically (25 ng/mg every other day for 4 weeks).

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

… Chicken polyclonal anti-TcdB antibody (List Labs, 754A, RRID: AB_10013220)…

• Product #754A – Anti-Clostridium difficile Toxin B (Chicken lgY)

Oral tolerance

… For the OVA/cholera toxin allergy model, mice were given drinking water with 0.1% OVA for three days. One week later, 1 mg OVA + 20 μg cholera toxin (100B; List Biological) in 0.2 M sodium bicarbonate was administered once per week for three weeks, with endpoint examination two days following the final dosage. 1 day before the endpoint, serum was collected for ELISA. For anaphylaxis experiments, OVA or OVA/CT was given once a week for four weeks, followed by a challenge seven days following the final dosage. Mice were given 5 mg OVA i.p., and their body temperatures were measured every 10 minutes for 50 minutes using digital thermometers.

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Induction and evaluation of EAE

To induce acute EAE, 10 to 12-week-old mice were injected subcutaneously in both flanks of back regions with 300 μg per mice of MOG35-55 peptide (Met-Glu-Val-GlyTrp-Tyr-Arg-Ser-Pro-Phe-Ser-Arg-Val-Val-HisLeu-Tyr-Arg-Asn-Gly-Lys, Genemed Synthesis) in CFA (Incomplete Freund’s adjuvant was purchased from IFA, Sigma) containing 5 mg/ml of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (BD Difco). Pertussis toxin (200 ng per mouse; List Biological Laboratories) was also administered to mice in PBS on the day of immunization and 48 hours later. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

EAE

EAE was induced in C57BL/6J mice by subcutaneous injection of MOG35–55 peptide (100 µg, CSBio) and/or different synthesized peptides at 100 µg each including, MBP160–175, MBP160–175(cit), MBP166–185 or MBP192–216 (GenScript) emulsified in Freund’s adjuvant (Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 2 mg ml−1 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (BD). Consistent with identification by MS, MBP160–175 was numbered based on golli-MBP; the sequence itself is conserved and corresponds to MBP27–42 of the classic MBP isoform. Pertussis toxin (200 ng, List Biologicals) was injected i.p. on day 0 and day 2 after immunization with MOG and/or MBP. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)