Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

… All animals received 200 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological, Campbell, CA, USA) in 0.1 ml PBS by intraperitoneal injection at 0 h and 48 h after immunization. Severity of EAE was scored …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Stereotaxic surgery and neuronal labeling

For retrograde tracing, eight week old wild-type ICR mice were used. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and attached to the stereotaxic frame. Small hole was drilled into the skull and unilateral, intracranial injections of 300nl of 0.2% Choleratoxin B subunit (CtB; List Biological Lab.Inc. Cat#104) was injected at the speed of 50nl/min using a microinjector (UltraMicroPump III, World Precision Instruments) and microsyringe (Hamilton, Cat#7803-06). Stereotaxic coordinates were measured from bregma in mm. To trace the LDTg neurons, CtB was injected into VTA: −3.1 (AP); 0.36 (ML); −4.65 (DV). Four to six days after the injections mice were intracardially perfused with 4% PFA and brains were collected, thereafter brains were fixed in 4% PFA for 24 h. 100 μm vibratome sections were cut for IHC stainings. Sections were blocked for 1 h in 10% donkey serum in PBS containing 05% Triton X-100 (PBS-T), followed by incubation overnight at room temperature with following antibodies diluted in PBS-T: rabbit anti-Nkx6-1 (1:400, Novus Biologicals); goat anti-CtB (1:5000, List Biologicals #703); mouse anti-TH (1:1000, Merck Millipore) and DAPI. Secondary antibodies conjugated to Alexa 488, 594, or 647 were used for detection. ProLong Gold anti-fade mounting media was used for mounting (Thermo Fisher Scientific, P36930).

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt
• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

EAE induction

Active EAE was induced following previously published procedures [17, 18]. Briefly, 8–10-week-old female mice were injected subcutaneously with 100 μg of murine myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG35-55) (EZBiolab), in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) with 4 mg/mL Mycobacterium tuberculosis (DIFCO Laboratories). Mice also received 400 ng of pertussis toxin (LIST Biological Laboratories) intraperitoneally at the time of immunization and 48 h later. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

2.2 In vivo mouse model of dWMI

… After a recovery period of 75 min pups were exposed to 35 min of hypoxia (6% O2) in a temperature‐controlled hypoxic incubator (35.8–36.0°C). Directly following hypoxia, pups were i.p. injected with 1 mg/kg LPS (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) dissolved in 0.9% NaCl. …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.
List Labs provides the following LPS products: https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

… For each assay, positive controls were obtained by stimulation with staphylococcal enterotoxin B superantigen (1 μg/mL, List Biological Laboratories, Inc, Campbell, CA). …

2.6. Toxin Neutralisation Titre (TNA) for Neutralising Antibodies Titre

The in vitro toxin neutralisation ability of vaccinated cattle antibodies was determined as previously described by Ndumnego et al. [38]. Briefly, the TNA was determined with 1.0 × 105 of J774A.1 mouse macrophage cells (ECACC cat no 91051511) per well followed by overnight incubation at 37 °C and 5% CO2. Then sera from vaccinated animals were 2-fold serially diluted in duplicates starting from the dilution of 1:50. Then the macrophages were exposed to anthrax lethal toxin (PA: 500 ng/mL and LF: 400 ng/mL (List Biological Laboratories Inc., Campbell, CA, USA) in the presence of antibodies. …

• Product #171E – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Author did not specify which Lethal Factor (LF) was utilized; List Labs provides the following LF:

• Prodcut #172 – Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis
• Product #169L – Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence

Intersectional genetic ablation of Tac2 neurons in the spinal cord

Triple mouse line (Tac2Cre, Lbx1flpo and TauDTR mice) was generated for cell ablation. To ablate Tac2 neurons in the spinal cord, i.p. injection of diphtheria toxin (DTX, 40 μg kg−1, List Biological Lab) was injected at day 1 and day 4, respectively41. Behavioral and histochemical experiments were performed 2 weeks after the second DTX injection.

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

hMSC treatment with cytokines or LPS

For these experiments, hMSCs were plated at 1.6 x 105 cells/cm2 on 60mm untreated tissue culture plates in DMEM-F12 supplemented with antibiotics. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ were obtained from R&D Systems. As previously described, CytoMix consisted of 50 ng/mL TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β [12]. For cytokine array experiments, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β were used at 50 ng/mL in various combinations. LPS concentrations ranged from 5 pg/mL– 1 mg/mL (List Labs or Sigma). In all cases, the hMSCs were exposed to the experimental condition for 24 hours prior to harvesting, unless otherwise noted.

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.
List Labs provides the following LPS products: https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

Anatomical Tracer Injections
… During a sterile surgery, Lidocaine HCl was injected into the scalp prior to incisions. The scalp was retracted, and a craniotomy and durotomy were performed on either the left or right hemisphere. Cholera toxin B subunit (CTb: List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, United States, Cat. no. 104) was reconstituted in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (PB, 1%, pH 6.0) and either pressure-injected or delivered with current into area 18 (approximately 2.3 mm from the occipital pole). …

TABLE 1
Antibodies used in this study.

Antibody Source Manufacturer Dilution
Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit Goat polyclonal List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, United States (Cat# 703) 1:5,000

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt
• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

EAE induction

C57BL/6 mice were injected subcutaneously in the flanks with 200 μL of 1 mM myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55 peptide (Peptide Synthesis Core Facility, University of Utah) emulsified with reconstituted complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), composed of incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL, USA) containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Ra (2 mg/mL) (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI, USA). Mice were injected intravenously with 100 μL Bordetella pertussis (BP) toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA, USA) at 0.2 μg per mouse on days 0 and 2 following sensitization. MOG35–55-induced EAE mice developed a monophasic disease course. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)