Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

EXPERIMENTAL –  FRET Lethal Factor Protease Assay:

The FRET assay measures the enzymatic activity of LF with an internally quenched peptide substrate derived from MAPKK. LF cleavage of the substrate separates the quencher and fluorescent tag leading to an increase in fluorescence intensity. The slope of fluorescence absorbance is therefore used to determine enzyme activity. Anthrax lethal factor (30 nM final concentration) and MAPKKide substrate (25 M final concentration) were purchased from List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA. …

Author did not specify which MAPKKide substrate was utilized; List Labs provides the following:

• Product #530 – MAPKKide Peptide Substrate (o-Abz/Dnp) for Anthrax Lethal Factor
• Product #531 – MAPKKide Peptide Substrate (DABCYL/FITC) for Anthrax Lethal Factor
• Product #532 – MAPKKide Plus (AMC) Specific Substrate for Anthrax Lethal Factor

K⁺ bead assays:

… For intraphagosomal K⁺ bead assays, primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (2×10⁵/well) were seeded in a 96-well clear bottom black plate. Where needed, 100 U/ml IFN (PeproTech) and 10 ng/ml LPS (List Biological Laboratories) were used for activation of macrophages. 100 nM concanamycin A (AdipoGen Life Sciences) was added to the media where indicated. Macrophages were washed three times with pre-warmed assay buffer, before addition of APG4/AF594 beads (~25 beads/macrophage). A Biotek Synergy H1 microplate reader was used for fluorescence tracking, with four-six replicate wells/condition and bottom reads taken every two minutes for four hours. Temperature was maintained at 37C throughout the assay.

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

Animals and induction of EAE:

… Mice in the EAE group were treated with 1 mg/ml of the MOG_35-55 peptide (purity >96.44%; GL Biochem Ltd., Shanghai, China) emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant (Difco Laboratories Inc., Detroit, MI, USA) and supplemented with 5 mg/ml Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (Difco Laboratories Inc.) by subcutaneous injection into the hind flank. Pertussis toxin (500 ng; List Biological Laboratories, Inc., Campbell, CA, USA) was injected intraperitoneally at days 0 and 2 post-immunization (PI) …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Mice, PCR, and EAE immunization:

To induce EAE, adult female mice were injected subcutaneously in the flank and at the tail base with 200µg of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 3555 peptide emulsified in complete Freunds adjuvant (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) supplemented with 600 g of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain H37Ra; BD Biosciences). Two i.p. injections of 400 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Denver, CO, USA) were given 0 and 48 h later. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Mice also received intraperitoneal injections of 200ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories) in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) immediately after MOG administration and 48h later. CFA control mice were similarly induced but lacked MOG …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… EAE was induced in female mice (8 to 12 weeks) by subcutaneous injection of MOG3555 peptide (100g, CSBio) emulsified in complete Freunds adjuvant. Pertussis toxin (250ng, List Biologicals) was administered intraperitoneally on the day of and one day after MOG immunization. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… Directly and 48 hours after immunization, mice were intraperitoneally injected with 200 ng pertussis toxin (List biological laboratories, CA) (51). …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… The mice also received ip injection of pertussis toxin (300 ng in 100 µl PBS; List Biological Lab, USA) at the time of immunization and again 48 hours later. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

… and Pertussis toxin was purchased from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell, CA) …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Bladder cancer permanent cell lines:

Experiments were carried out with commercially available permanent human CAL-29 tumour cell line (TCC), established from the primary lesion of a fatally invasive, metastatic TCC of the bladder (grade IV, stage T2) from an 80-year-old woman before treatment. …

Normal human urothelial cells were grown to confluence in complete keratinocyte serum-free medium (cKSFM) with human recombinant epithelial growth factor (5ng/mL) bovine, pituitary extract (50mg/mL; Gibco), supplemented with cholera toxin (30ng/mL; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA, USA) under standard conditions.

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae