Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Retrograde tracing:

To identify presympathetic RVLM-projecting PVN neurons (PVNRVLM), rats were anesthetized (ketamine-xylazine mixture, 90 and 50 mg kg-1, respectively, i.p.) and a stereotaxic apparatus was used to pressure inject 500 nl of rhodamine-labeled microspheres (Lumaflor, Naples, FL, USA) or cholera toxin B (CTB) (1%, List Biological Laboratories) into the RVLM (starting from Bregma: 12 mm caudal along the lamina, 2 mm medial lateral, and 8 mm ventral). …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Immunization protocols:

…The anesthetized mice were placed on their backs, held at a downward angle then immunized with MOMP (100 µg) and either CTA1-DD (MIVAC, The University of Gteborg) (20 µg) or CT (List Biological Laboratories Sapphire Biosciences, NSW, Australia) …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Oral immunization:

Thirty minutes later, the mice were orally immunized with 1mg OVA (Sigma-Aldrich) and 10µg CT (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA). This procedure was conducted on days 0, 7 and 14…One week after the final immunization, faecal samples and mononuclear cells from the iLP were collected for enumeration of OVA-specific antibody responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ELISPOT, respectively¹³. In vivo CT challenge was performed by oral challenge of naive or immunized mice with 100µg of CT as previously described⁴⁶.

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

EAE Induction and Scoring System:

Eight to 12 week old female WT or PACAP KO mice on a C57BL/6 background (backcrossed for at least 12 generations) were used in all experiments. …Mice received an additional intraperitoneal injection of 200 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) in PBS on days 0 and 2 post-immunization. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Mice and EAE induction:

Wild-type (WT) and AID^/ mice bred on the C57BL/6 background (obtained from Charles River Laboratories and Tasuku Honjo, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, respectively) used for EAE induction with rhMOG. EAE was induced by immunization with 100 µg of rhMOG or 100 µg of MOG_35-55 peptide emulsified 11 in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (Sigma) containing 4 mg/ml of Mycobateria tuberculosis (H37RA) (Difco). The amount of rhMOG was pre-determined based on earlier reports [35], [45]. Mice also received two intra-peritoneal doses of pertussis toxin (200 ng) (List biological laboratories Inc.) the day of immunization and 48 h later. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Cells, antibodies and reagents:

…EF was obtained from List Biological Laboratories.

ET assay:

5 10⁴ J774A.1 cells in 100 L were plated in 96-well plates, and incubated overnight. Cells were preincubated with compound for 2 hours, before the addition of ET (11 nM PA, 1.2 nM EF) for 5 hours at 37 C. The concentration of cAMP in cell lysates was measured by cAMP enzyme immunoassay…

Author did not specify which List Labs Anthrax Edema Factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #178A(Anthrax Edema Factor (EF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #173B (Anthrax Edema Factor (EF), Recombinant, Mutant S447N from B. anthracis).

… Purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinicpolycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) were purchased from List Biologicals (San Jose, CA, USA) and Amersham Biosciences (Piscataway, NJ, USA) respectively. …

Author did not specify which List Labs LPS product was utilized in their research.  List Labs provides the following LPS products:  https://listlabs.com/product-information/lipopolysaccharides/

EAE induction and treatment:

…In addition, pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was administered (200 ng/mouse) intraperitoneally on day 0 and day 2 post-immunization. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Tracing of myelinated afferent fiber projections to the dorsal horn:

The transganglionic tracer, cholera toxin B-subunit (CTB) has been used to map the central projections of cutaneous myelinated primary afferents, in the spinal dorsal horn of rats [35]. After 5 weeks EA treatment, CTB (1%, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) was injected into left sciatic nerve of vehicle-, RTX-, EA- and sham EA-treated rats to determine the effect of EA on RTX-induced sprouting of myelinated afferent fibers labeled by CTB in the dorsal horn. The sciatic nerve was exposed at the midthigh level after the rats were anesthetized with 10% chloralic hydras (3.5 ml/kg, i.p). 4 µL volumes of CTB tracers was loaded into Hamilton microsyringes and injected into the sciatic nerves on left side of the body.

…For goat anti-CTB immunofluorescence labeling, the sections were rinsed in 0.1 M PBS and blocked for 1 hr with 5% donkey serum and 0.2% tween-20 in PBS, followed by incubation at 37°C for 1 hr then at 4C overnight with the primary antibody (goat anti-CTB, dilution 1:800; List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) diluted in PBS containing 5% donkey serum, 0.3% Triton X-100. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt
• Product #703 – Anti-Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Goat)

Experimental Protocol:

All studies were performed in male C57Bl/6 mice, greater than 2 months in age (2530 gm) from Charles River Laboratories. Mice were injected i.p. with LPS (Escherichia coli 055, LPS no. B5, List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) in doses of 0.1, 1.0, 10 or 20 mg/kg (volume diluted with saline in 0.5 ml). Mice were injected with 0.5 ml of saline as a control.

NOTE:  At the time this paper was written, Product #203 (5mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) was utilized.

Product #203 (5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is no longer sold.

Product #203A (2.5 mg – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5) is available for purchase.

• Product #203A – LPS from Escherichia coli O55:B5