Bacterial Toxin Research Citations

Measurement of cytotoxicity of diphtheria and anthrax toxin:

… To determine the protective effect of the purified nanobodies on anthrax toxin cytotoxicity, RAW cells were pre-incubated with 20 M purified nanobodies or 10 M D9R in 48-well plates (Costar) for 30 min at 37 C. Subsequently, 200 ng/ml PA (protective antigen; List Biological Labs) and 400 ng/ml LF (lethal factor; List Biological Labs) were added and the cells were incubated for 1.5 h, with one medium change after 45 min. The cell viability was determined using the MTT assay described above.

Author did not indicate which specific lethal factor was utilized.  List Labs provides Product #172 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF), Recombinant from B. anthracis) and Product #169 (Anthrax Lethal Factor (LF-A), Recombinant from B. anthracis Native Sequence).

• Product #171 – Anthrax Protective Antigen (PA), Recombinant from B. anthracis

Immunofluorescence:

… A 25µl Hamilton syringe was used to bilaterally inject 10 µl of 5mg/ml Cholera Toxin B subunit solution (CTB, List Biological Laboratories) in the intrapleural space (Mantilla et al, 2009). Rats were allowed to recover for 5 days prior to electrophysiological experiments described above (neural apnea n=3; time control n=4). Following electrophysiological measurements, animals were transcardially perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in 1 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4). …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

Liver Fibrosis Models:

Adult male mice at least 6 wk of age were used. Hepatic fibrosis was induced by two times per week i.p. CCl₄ (0.4 L/g; Sigma) diluted 1:3 in olive oil (Sigma) for 4 wk (nine injections). Animals were culled at stated time points after the final CCl₄ injection. For depletion studies, DT (10 ng/g in PBS; List Biological Laboratories) or PBS control was administered to fibrotic CD11B-DTR or WT mice i.v. through the tail vein at the stated time points. …

• Product #150 – Diphtheria Toxin, Unnicked, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Reagents and mice:

… Cholera toxin (CT) was purchased from List Biological Laboratories Inc. (Campbell, CA, USA). …

Induction of peanut allergy, EPIT treatment and induction of esophageal and jejunal injuries:

Twenty-four mice were first sensitized to peanut proteins by means of 6 intra-gastric gavages (D1, D7, D13, D19, D25, D32) as previously described [4], with 1 mg of PPE mixed with 10 µg of CT. …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

Immunization and challenge:

Ovalbumin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and cholera toxin (CT) mucosal adjuvant (List Biological Laboratories, Compel, CA) were purchased and stored according to the manufacturer’s protocols. Mice were intranasally immunized twice, one week apart, with 10 µL of PBS containing 10 µg Ovalbumin plus 1 µg CT (OVA+CT) or 1 µg CT alone (CT). …

• Product #100B – Cholera Toxin (AZIDE-FREE) from Vibrio cholerae

… reagents from commercial sources:  PTx from List Biological Laboratories (Campbell …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Expression and Labeling of M18 scFv :

A standard 3-ml culture of cells harboring plasmids to surface display M18 scFv (e.g. pBAD_M18_138) was grown in LB medium (BD Diagnostics) in the presence of 30 g/ml chloramphenicol (Thermo Fisher Scientific) to an optical density (A₆₀₀) of 0.6 at 25 C. Cells were then induced via the addition of 0.2% l-arabinose (Sigma) to express M18 scFv for 12 h at 25 C. The presence of M18 scFv on the surface of E. coli was characterized by the ability of intact cells to bind antigens (PA₆₃ and PAD4) using flow cytometry. PAD4 containing FLAG epitope tag (rPAD4) was recombinantly expressed in E. coli and purified as described previously (35), and PA₆₃-FITC was obtained from List Biological Laboratories, Inc. …  

• Product #175 – Anthrax PA 63 – FITC Conjugate                               

EAE induction:

EAE was induced in 6- to 8-week-old female mice by subcutaneous immunization with 100 g of MOG_35-55 peptide (MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK; NeoMPS, San Diego, CA) emulsified in CFA containing 200 g of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RA (Difco, Detroit, MI) on day 0. Additionally, mice received 200 ng of pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA) i.p. in 0.5 ml of PBS on days 0 and 2. …

Author did not specify which List Labs Pertussis Toxin was utilized. List Labs provides the following Pertussis Toxin products:
• Product #180 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized in Buffer
• Product #181 – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis, Lyophilized (Salt-Free)
• Product #179A – Pertussis Toxin from B. pertussis (in Glycerol)

Surgery:

… Following optical imaging, the retrograde tracers Cholera toxin B (CTB, 10 g/l List Biological Laboratories) and CTB conjugated with gold (CTBG, 10 µg/µl List Biological Laboratories) were injected (Nanoliter 2000, World Precision Instruments) using a glass capillary (tip diameter 1012 m) into frequency-matched (NA1 = 8, BFA1 = 8.4 0.6 kHz, NcSRAF = 8, BFSRAF = 7.3 0.4 kHz, t(16) = 1.56, p = 0.14) contours in A1 and cSRAF. Injections targeted layer IV in both areas and had a cortical surface separation of 1.8 0.05 mm. …

• Product #104 – Cholera Toxin B Subunit (Choleragenoid) from Vibrio cholerae in Low Salt

For Western blots, whole-cell lysates from 106 J774A.1 cells, separated by SDS/PAGE, were probed by anti-PA (List Biological Laboratories) and anti-actin antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) with chemiluminescence detection. …